PMID- 34851176
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220223
LR  - 20220223
IS  - 2165-0497 (Electronic)
IS  - 2165-0497 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2021 Dec 22
TI  - Phylogenetic Distribution of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Staphylococcus lugdunensis.
PG  - e0124721
LID - 10.1128/spectrum.01247-21 [doi]
LID - e01247-21
AB  - Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and 
      CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes (CRISPR-Cas) are present in many bacterial genomes 
      with functions beyond adaptive immunity. We aimed to characterize the CRISPR-Cas 
      system in the pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus lugdunensis and 
      determine its association with sequence types (STs) determined by multilocus 
      sequence typing (MLST) and oxacillin susceptibility. Primers were designed to 
      detect and sequence types IIIA and IIC CRISPR-Cas in 199 S. lugdunensis isolates. 
      MLST and oxacillin susceptibility tests were also performed on the isolates. We 
      found that 84 S. lugdunensis isolates had type IIIA CRISPR-Cas, while 46 had type 
      IIC. The results showed a strong association between STs and CRISPR-Cas types. 
      The ST1, ST6, ST12, and ST15 isolates had type IIIA CRISPR-Cas systems, and the 
      ST4, ST27, and ST29 isolates had type IIC CRISPR-Cas. Interestingly, of 83 
      isolates containing type IIIA CRISPR-Cas, 17 (20.5%) were oxacillin-resistant S. 
      lugdunensis (ORSL), and all of these ORSL isolates belonged to ST6 cluster 1. 
      Moreover, spacers 23 and 21 were found in 16 and 17 ORSL isolates, respectively. 
      In contrast, all 46 isolates with type IIC CRISPR-Cas were susceptible to 
      oxacillin. Our results showed that 41.3% of CRISPR-Cas IIIA spacers were 
      homologous to plasmids and 20.2% were homologous to phages. However, in type IIC 
      CRISPR-Cas, 11.8% and 39.9% of spacers showed sequence homology with plasmids and 
      phages, respectively. In conclusion, we found that the distribution and 
      composition of the CRISPR-Cas system in S. lugdunensis was associated with STs 
      and oxacillin susceptibility. IMPORTANCE CRISPR-Cas systems have been 
      characterized as playing several biological roles in many bacterial genomes. 
      Moreover, CRISPR-Cas systems are useful for epidemiological, diagnostic, and 
      evolutionary studies of pathogenic bacteria. However, the characteristics of 
      CRISPR-Cas systems in Staphylococcus lugdunensis have been rarely reported. In 
      this study, we revealed that type IIIA CRISPR-Cas was dominant in S. lugdunensis 
      isolates, followed by type IIC CRISPR-Cas. Moreover, the composition of 
      CRISPR-Cas spacers was strongly associated with multilocus sequence typing and 
      oxacillin susceptibility of S. lugdunensis. These results advance our 
      understanding of the evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems; however, the biological 
      functions of CRISPR-Cas systems in S. lugdunensis remain to be further 
      characterized.
FAU - Kao, Cheng-Yen
AU  - Kao CY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8782-3912
AD  - Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, National Yang 
      Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
FAU - Lu, Jang-Jih
AU  - Lu JJ
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial 
      Hospitalgrid.413801.f, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung 
      University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Lin, Lee-Chung
AU  - Lin LC
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial 
      Hospitalgrid.413801.f, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
FAU - Lin, Hsiao-Chi
AU  - Lin HC
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial 
      Hospitalgrid.413801.f, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Shih-Cheng
AU  - Chang SC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5921-7974
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial 
      Hospitalgrid.413801.f, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung 
      University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211201
PL  - United States
TA  - Microbiol Spectr
JT  - Microbiology spectrum
JID - 101634614
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Intergenic)
RN  - UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics
MH  - DNA, Intergenic/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Multilocus Sequence Typing/methods
MH  - Oxacillin/*pharmacology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy
MH  - Staphylococcus lugdunensis/*drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification
PMC - PMC8635126
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CRISPR-Cas system
OT  - Staphylococcus lugdunensis
OT  - multilocus sequence typing
OT  - oxacillin susceptibility
OT  - spacer sequences
EDAT- 2021/12/02 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/24 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/01
CRDT- 2021/12/01 12:15
PHST- 2021/12/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/01 12:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 01247-21 [pii]
AID - spectrum.01247-21 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/spectrum.01247-21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microbiol Spectr. 2021 Dec 22;9(3):e0124721. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01247-21. Epub 
      2021 Dec 1.