PMID- 34858039
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1178-7007 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2021
TI  - Prediabetes in Adolescents: Prevalence, Management and Diabetes Prevention 
      Strategies.
PG  - 4609-4619
LID - 10.2147/DMSO.S284401 [doi]
AB  - The ongoing obesity epidemic in children and adolescents has greatly increased 
      the prevalence of related comorbidities. Prediabetes is defined based on levels 
      of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests or hemoglobin A1c, that are 
      intermediate between normal levels and thresholds that define type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM). As such, prediabetes represents a sign of early pathophysiology 
      preceding T2DM development. Recent analyses of data from US adolescents estimate 
      prediabetes to be present in 4-23% of adolescents, depending on criteria used, 
      with other studies finding an 8% risk of progression from prediabetes to T2DM 
      over a 3-year period. These data support the importance of intervention to avoid 
      long-term sequelae, focusing on reducing degree of obesity and insulin 
      resistance. Lifestyle modification, with increases in physical activity and 
      dietary improvements, remains the first-line approach. Other interventions are 
      based on additional long-term risks and range from metformin treatment for more 
      moderate cases of prediabetes to bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe 
      obesity and comorbidities. As data accumulate regarding sequelae of T2DM in 
      adolescents, there remains a critical need for prevention of obesity and T2DM 
      throughout childhood, and prediabetes should be a trigger for improving this risk 
      profile.
CI  - (c) 2021 Esquivel Zuniga and DeBoer.
FAU - Esquivel Zuniga, Rebeca
AU  - Esquivel Zuniga R
AD  - Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of 
      Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
FAU - DeBoer, Mark D
AU  - DeBoer MD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1462-591X
AD  - Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of 
      Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211125
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
JT  - Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy
JID - 101515585
PMC - PMC8629936
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - obesity
OT  - pediatrics
OT  - prediabetes
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/04 06:01
PMCR- 2021/11/25
CRDT- 2021/12/03 06:59
PHST- 2021/09/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/03 06:59 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 284401 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/DMSO.S284401 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Nov 25;14:4609-4619. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S284401. 
      eCollection 2021.