PMID- 34861287
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220110
LR  - 20220110
IS  - 1879-0631 (Electronic)
IS  - 0024-3205 (Linking)
VI  - 288
DP  - 2022 Jan 1
TI  - The current significance and prospects for the use of dual receptor agonism 
      GLP-1/Glucagon.
PG  - 120188
LID - S0024-3205(21)01175-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120188 [doi]
AB  - The therapeutic arsenal for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been 
      enriched recently with the inclusion of type 1 glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). 
      GLP-1 receptor agonists (RA) secondarily reduce appetite, decrease gastric 
      emptying, and reduce body weight. This effect has been used to treat 
      overweight/obesity, especially with comorbidities associated with T2DM. However, 
      the first formulations and adverse effects gradually gave way to new formulations 
      with fewer unpleasant effects and a more extended period of action (weekly 
      subcutaneous administration and even oral administration), which improved the 
      acceptance and adherence to the treatment. Therefore, titration of GLP-1RA should 
      be done gradually. Furthermore, when side effects are consistent and intolerable 
      after weeks/months of titration, a lower dose or a combination of antidiabetic 
      therapies should be implemented, avoiding treatment interruption. The effort to 
      produce increasingly powerful molecules with fewer side effects is the driving 
      force behind the pharmaceutical industry. The unimolecular dual agonism GLP-1RA 
      plus glucagon receptor agonism (GRA) represents an updated pharmacological 
      indication for controlling blood glucose levels in treating T2DM and its 
      comorbidities, showing better effects with less adverse impact than mono GLP-1RA. 
      There are currently different proposals in this way by different laboratories. 
      Nevertheless, the experimental results are promising and show that soon, we will 
      have the contribution of new drugs for the treatment of T2DM.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Spezani, Renata
AU  - Spezani R
AD  - Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical 
      Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio 
      de Janeiro, Brazil.
FAU - Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos Alberto
AU  - Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA
AD  - Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical 
      Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio 
      de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: mandarim@uerj.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211130
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Life Sci
JT  - Life sciences
JID - 0375521
RN  - 0 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Incretins)
RN  - 89750-14-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1)
RN  - 9007-92-5 (Glucagon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Glucagon/*metabolism
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/*agonists
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/*agonists
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Incretins/*therapeutic use
MH  - Obesity/*drug therapy/physiopathology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Obesity
OT  - Overweight
OT  - Oxyntomodulin
OT  - Type 1 glucagon-like peptide
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2021/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/11 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/03 20:13
PHST- 2021/09/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/03 20:13 [entrez]
AID - S0024-3205(21)01175-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120188 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Life Sci. 2022 Jan 1;288:120188. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120188. Epub 2021 Nov 
      30.