PMID- 34861793
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230816
LR  - 20230816
IS  - 1932-2968 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-2968 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Mar
TI  - Mobile App Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence Among Type 2 Diabetes 
      Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.
PG  - 458-466
LID - 10.1177/19322968211060060 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is 
      often suboptimal resulting in complications. There has been a growing interest in 
      using mobile apps for improving medication adherence. OBJECTIVE: The objective of 
      this work was to systematically review the clinical trials that have used mobile 
      app-based interventions in T2DM patients for improving medication adherence. 
      METHODOLOGY: A systematic search was performed to identify published clinical 
      trials between January 2008 and December 2020 in databases-PubMed, Cochrane 
      Library, and Google Scholar. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using 
      quality rating tool from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of 
      Interventions. RESULTS: Seven clinical studies having 649 participants were 
      studied. The median sample size was 58 (range = 41-247) and the median age of 
      participants was 53.2 (range = 48-69.4) years. All studies showed improvements in 
      adherence; however, only three studies reported statically significant 
      improvements in adherence measures. Selected studies were deemed as unclear in 
      their risk of bias and the most common source of risk of bias among the studies 
      was the absence of objective outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile apps appear 
      to be effective interventions to help improve medication adherence in T2DM 
      patients compared with conventional care strategies. The features of the App to 
      improvise medical adherence cannot be defined based on the meta-analysis because 
      of heterogeneity of study designs and less number of sample size. Systematically 
      planned studies would set up applicability of mobile apps in the clinical 
      management of T2DM.
FAU - Shrivastava, Tarani Prakash
AU  - Shrivastava TP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4200-8436
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Goswami, Shikha
AU  - Goswami S
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Rahul
AU  - Gupta R
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Goyal, Ramesh K
AU  - Goyal RK
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20211203
PL  - United States
TA  - J Diabetes Sci Technol
JT  - Journal of diabetes science and technology
JID - 101306166
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Medication Adherence
MH  - *Mobile Applications
MH  - Research Design
MH  - Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic
PMC - PMC10012382
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - blood glucose
OT  - digital interventions
OT  - medication adherence
OT  - mobile app
OT  - self-monitoring of blood glucose
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the 
      research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2021/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/09 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/03
CRDT- 2021/12/04 05:20
PHST- 2021/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/04 05:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_19322968211060060 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/19322968211060060 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023 Mar;17(2):458-466. doi: 10.1177/19322968211060060. 
      Epub 2021 Dec 3.