PMID- 34868804 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220902 IS - 2192-8606 (Print) IS - 2192-8614 (Electronic) VI - 10 IP - 12 DP - 2021 Sep TI - Brief exposure of skin to near-infrared laser augments early vaccine responses. PG - 3187-3197 LID - 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0133 [doi] AB - Rapid establishment of herd immunity with vaccination is effective to combat emerging infectious diseases. Although the incorporation of adjuvant and intradermal (ID) injection could augment early responses to the vaccine, the current chemical or biological adjuvants are inappropriate for this purpose with their side effects and high reactogenicity in the skin. Recently, a near-infrared (NIR) laser has been shown to augment the immune response to ID vaccination and could be alternatively used for mass vaccination programs. Here, we determined the effect of NIR laser as well as licensed chemical adjuvants on the immunogenicity 1, 2, and 4 weeks after ID influenza vaccination in mice. The NIR laser adjuvant augmented early antibody responses, while the widely used alum adjuvant induced significantly delayed responses. In addition, the oil-in-water and alum adjuvants, but not the NIR laser, elicited escalated T(H)2 responses with allergenic immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses. The effect of the NIR laser was significantly suppressed in the basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (Batf3) knockout mice, suggesting a critical role of the cluster of differentiation 103(+) (CD103)(+) dendritic cells. The current preliminary study suggests that NIR laser adjuvant is an alternative strategy to chemical and biological agents to timely combat emerging infectious diseases. Moreover, its immunomodulatory property could be used to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for allergy and cancer. FAU - Yokomizo, Shinya AU - Yokomizo S AD - Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA. FAU - Katagiri, Wataru AU - Katagiri W AD - Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA. FAU - Maki, Yohei AU - Maki Y AD - Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. FAU - Sano, Tomoya AU - Sano T AD - Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. FAU - Inoue, Kazumasa AU - Inoue K AD - Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa 116-8551, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Fukushi, Masahiro AU - Fukushi M AD - Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa 116-8551, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Atochin, Dmitriy N AU - Atochin DN AD - Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA. FAU - Kushibiki, Toshihiro AU - Kushibiki T AD - Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. FAU - Kawana, Akihiko AU - Kawana A AD - Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. FAU - Kimizuka, Yoshifumi AU - Kimizuka Y AD - Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. FAU - Kashiwagi, Satoshi AU - Kashiwagi S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8910-3257 AD - Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 AI105131/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 NS096237/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AI144103/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210809 PL - Germany TA - Nanophotonics JT - Nanophotonics JID - 101607802 PMC - PMC8635068 MID - NIHMS1736805 OTO - NOTNLM OT - CD103+ dendritic cells OT - adjuvant OT - early antibody response OT - near-infrared laser OT - vaccine COIS- Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article. EDAT- 2021/12/07 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/07 06:01 PMCR- 2022/09/01 CRDT- 2021/12/06 09:17 PHST- 2021/12/06 09:17 [entrez] PHST- 2021/12/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/07 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0133 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nanophotonics. 2021 Sep;10(12):3187-3197. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0133. Epub 2021 Aug 9.