PMID- 34875518
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220111
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1661
DP  - 2022 Jan 4
TI  - Sensitive determination of illicit drugs in wastewater using enrichment bag-based 
      liquid-phase microextraction and liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
PG  - 462684
LID - S0021-9673(21)00806-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462684 [doi]
AB  - To concentrate trace level of analytes in complex wastewater, sample preparation 
      is necessary prior to instrumental analysis. In this work, an enrichment 
      bag-based liquid-phase microextraction (EB-LPME) system was therefore proposed 
      for the first time to isolate and enrich the illicit drugs (amphetamine, 
      methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine, codeine and 
      fentanyl) from wastewater. Under the optimum EB-LPME conditions, the recoveries 
      of the model illicit drugs were 40-93% with enrichment factors up to 93. The 
      optimized EB-LPME was compared to hollow fiber-LPME (HF-LPME) in terms of the 
      thickness of the supported liquid membrane (SLM), the effective SLM area, 
      extraction recovery and mass transfer flux. Compared with HF-LPME, EB-LPME 
      possesses larger effective SLM area, and provided higher extraction recovery. In 
      addition, EB-LPME provided larger mass transfer flux than HF-LPME, which was 
      mainly due to the differences in SLM thickness. Therefore, SLM thickness was 
      identified as the main mass transfer flux-determining factor experimentally. The 
      matrix effect of EB-LPME was evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass 
      spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and excellent sample clean-up was confirmed. 
      Subsequently, EB-LPME-LC-MS/MS was validated with satisfactory results, and the 
      detection of limit of the proposed method was in the range of 0.3-8.7 ng/L. 
      Finally, with standard addition method, EB-LPME-LC-MS/MS was successfully applied 
      for the determination of the model drugs in a local hospital wastewater from 
      Wuhan, China. This study clearly showed that EB-LPME displayed great potential as 
      an efficient sample preparation method for isolation and enrichment of the 
      drugs/pollutants from complex environmental samples for wastewater-based 
      epidemiology in the near future.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wu, Shifan
AU  - Wu S
AD  - Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Guangfu West Road #1347, Shanghai 200063, 
      China; Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and 
      Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
FAU - Dong, Ying
AU  - Dong Y
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 
      Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of 
      Science and Technology Research Institute, Yuexing Third Road #9, Nanshan 
      District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
FAU - Lin, Bin
AU  - Lin B
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of 
      Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and 
      Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, 
      Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong 
      Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
FAU - Shen, Xiantao
AU  - Shen X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of 
      Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and 
      Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, 
      Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong 
      Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
FAU - Xiang, Ping
AU  - Xiang P
AD  - Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Guangfu West Road #1347, Shanghai 200063, 
      China. Electronic address: xiangping2630@163.com.
FAU - Huang, Chuixiu
AU  - Huang C
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 
      Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. Electronic address: 
      chuixiuh@hust.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211115
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - *Illicit Drugs/analysis
MH  - Liquid Phase Microextraction
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Wastewater/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Enrichment bag
OT  - Environmental sample
OT  - Illicit drugs
OT  - LC-MS/MS
OT  - Liquid-phase membrane extraction
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/12/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/12 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/07 20:22
PHST- 2021/09/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/07 20:22 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9673(21)00806-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462684 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2022 Jan 4;1661:462684. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462684. Epub 
      2021 Nov 15.