PMID- 34882716
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220110
LR  - 20231108
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes patients: A 
      two-centre study in a developing country.
PG  - e0260675
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0260675 [doi]
LID - e0260675
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly known as a risk factor of 
      hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we determined the risk factors 
      associated with HCC in T2DM patients. This was a matched case-control study 
      conducted at two hepatobiliary referral centres in a developing country. 
      Patients' sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics between 1 
      January 2012 and 30 June 2018 were extracted from the electronic medical records 
      and analysed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 212 
      case-control pairs were included. Significant risk factors included Chinese and 
      Malay ethnicities that interacted with viral hepatitis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 
      = 11.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-99.79) and (AOR = 37.94, 95% CI: 
      3.92-367.61) respectively, weight loss (AOR = 5.28, 95% CI: 2.29-12.19), 
      abdominal pain/ discomfort (AOR = 6.73, 95% CI: 3.34-13.34), alcohol (AOR = 4.08, 
      95% CI: 1.81-9.22), fatty liver (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.40-7.76), low platelet 
      (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI:1.90-8.55), raised alanine transaminase (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 
      1.16-3.86). and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 
      1.17-4.00). Statins reduced the risk of HCC by 63% (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 
      0.21-0.65). The identification of these factors aids the risk stratification for 
      HCC among T2DM patients for early detection and decision-making in patient 
      management in the primary care setting.
FAU - Azit, Noor Atika
AU  - Azit NA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9645-2209
AD  - Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan 
      Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Sahran, Shahnorbanun
AU  - Sahran S
AD  - Faculty of Information Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 
      Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Voon Meng, Leow
AU  - Voon Meng L
AD  - Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), USM, Kepala Batas, Penang, 
      Malaysia.
AD  - Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, 
      Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
FAU - Subramaniam, Manisekar
AU  - Subramaniam M
AD  - Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, 
      Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
FAU - Mokhtar, Suryati
AU  - Mokhtar S
AD  - Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Selayang, Ministry 
      of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Mohammed Nawi, Azmawati
AU  - Mohammed Nawi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0009-5244
AD  - Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan 
      Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211209
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*epidemiology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Clinical Decision-Making
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/*epidemiology
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Malaysia/ethnology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC8659343
COIS- The authors declare no competing interest
EDAT- 2021/12/10 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/11 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/09
CRDT- 2021/12/09 17:29
PHST- 2021/09/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/09 17:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-28829 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0260675 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Dec 9;16(12):e0260675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260675. 
      eCollection 2021.