PMID- 34884680
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220106
LR  - 20240226
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 23
DP  - 2021 Nov 28
TI  - Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion.
LID - 10.3390/ijms222312875 [doi]
LID - 12875
AB  - Whitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, 
      accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role 
      of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. 
      Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosity and surface 
      area, thermogravimetric analysis, an ion-release test, and a cell viability test 
      were conducted to analyze the properties of bone substitutes. The MagOss group 
      received WH, Group A received 100% beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), Group B 
      received 100% hydroxyapatite (HAp), Group C received 30% HAp/70% beta-TCP, and Group 
      D received 60% HAp/40% beta-TCP (n = 10 each). All mice were sacrificed 6 weeks 
      after implantation, and micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson 
      trichome (MT) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The MagOss group 
      showed more homogeneous and smaller grains, and nanopores (<500 nm) were found in 
      only the MagOss group. On micro-CT, the MagOss group showed larger fusion mass 
      and better graft incorporation into the decorticate mouse spine than other 
      groups. In the in vivo experiment with HE staining, the MagOss group showed the 
      highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 9.50%; A, 15.08%; B, 15.70%; C, 
      14.76%; D, 14.70%; MagOss, 22.69%; p < 0.0001). In MT staining, the MagOss group 
      demonstrated the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 15.62%; A, 
      21.41%; B, 22.86%; C, 23.07%; D, 22.47%; MagOss, 26.29%; p < 0.0001). In an 
      immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31, the MagOss 
      group showed a higher positive area than other groups. WH showed comparable bone 
      conductivity to HAp and beta-TCP and increased new bone formation. WH is likely to 
      be used as an improved bone substitute with better bone conductivity than HAp and 
      beta-TCP.
FAU - Kwon, Su Yeon
AU  - Kwon SY
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang 
      Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
FAU - Shim, Jung Hee
AU  - Shim JH
AD  - R&D Center, OSFIRM Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Yu Ha
AU  - Kim YH
AD  - R&D Center, OSFIRM Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
FAU - Lim, Chang Su
AU  - Lim CS
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang 
      Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
FAU - An, Seong Bae
AU  - An SB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3706-2075
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang 
      Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
FAU - Han, Inbo
AU  - Han I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0834-9325
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang 
      Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2020R1A2C4001870/National Research Foundation of Korea/
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211128
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Bone Substitutes)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Phosphates)
RN  - 14358-97-5 (whitlockite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Bone Remodeling
MH  - Bone Substitutes/*therapeutic use
MH  - Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging/ultrastructure
MH  - Calcium Phosphates/*therapeutic use
MH  - Female
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - *Spinal Fusion
MH  - X-Ray Microtomography
MH  - Mice
PMC - PMC8657587
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - beta-tricalcium phosphate
OT  - bone substitute
OT  - calcium phosphate ceramic
OT  - hydroxyapatite
OT  - whitlockite
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/07 06:00
PMCR- 2021/11/28
CRDT- 2021/12/10 01:04
PHST- 2021/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/10 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms222312875 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-12875 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms222312875 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 28;22(23):12875. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312875.