PMID- 34886357
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211214
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 23
DP  - 2021 Nov 30
TI  - Duration of Untreated Disorder and Cannabis Use: An Observational Study on a 
      Cohort of Young Italian Patients Experiencing Psychotic Experiences and 
      Dissociative Symptoms.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph182312632 [doi]
LID - 12632
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) is the time between the 
      first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It 
      is an important predictor of several disease-related outcomes in psychotic 
      disorders. The aim of this manuscript is investigating the influence of cannabis 
      on the DUP and its clinical correlates. METHODS: During years 2014-2019, 
      sixty-two FEP patients with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD) were 
      recruited from several Italian psychiatric hospitals. The subjects were then 
      divided into two groups based on the duration of the DUP and assessed at the 
      beginning of the antipsychotic treatment and after 3 and 6 months, using the 
      Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of 
      Functioning (GAF) scale, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). 
      RESULTS: As expected, a longer DUP was associated with worse symptoms and 
      cannabis use did not seem to affect the DUP, but both were related with more 
      dissociative symptoms at onset and over time. DISCUSSION: According to our study, 
      cannabis use can be a predictor of FEP and DUP, and of disease outcome. However, 
      several factors might influence the relationship between cannabis use and DUP. 
      Preventing cannabis use and early diagnosis of psychotic disorders might impact 
      the disease by reducing the persistence of symptoms and limiting dissociative 
      experiences.
FAU - Ricci, Valerio
AU  - Ricci V
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 
      Orbassano, Italy.
FAU - Martinotti, Giovanni
AU  - Martinotti G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7292-2341
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
AD  - Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, 
      School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 
      9AB, UK.
FAU - Ceci, Franca
AU  - Ceci F
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
FAU - Chiappini, Stefania
AU  - Chiappini S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6810-1540
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
AD  - Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, 
      School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 
      9AB, UK.
FAU - Di Carlo, Francesco
AU  - Di Carlo F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8058-3426
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
FAU - Burkauskas, Julius
AU  - Burkauskas J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3928-2151
AD  - Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University 
      of Health Sciences, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania.
FAU - Susini, Ottavia
AU  - Susini O
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
FAU - Luciani, Debora
AU  - Luciani D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4258-1918
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
FAU - Quattrone, Diego
AU  - Quattrone D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6051-8309
AD  - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, 
      Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
FAU - De Berardis, Domenico
AU  - De Berardis D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4415-5058
AD  - NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and 
      Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
FAU - Pettorruso, Mauro
AU  - Pettorruso M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4164-3040
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
FAU - Maina, Giuseppe
AU  - Maina G
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 
      Orbassano, Italy.
FAU - Di Giannantonio, Massimo
AU  - Di Giannantonio M
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli 
      Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20211130
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects
MH  - *Cannabis
MH  - Dissociative Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - *Hallucinogens
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy/epidemiology
PMC - PMC8657003
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DUP
OT  - cannabis
OT  - dissociation
OT  - first-episode psychosis
OT  - schizophrenia
COIS- G.M. (Giovanni Martinotti): has been a consultant and/or a speaker and/or has 
      received research grants from Angelini, Doc Generici, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, 
      Otsuka, Pfizer, Servier, Recordati. V.R., F.C., S.C., F.D.C., O.S., D.Q., D.D.B., 
      G.M. (Giuseppe Maina), M.P.: nothing to be declared. M.D.G.: has been a 
      consultant and/or a speaker and/or has received research grants from Angelini, 
      Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, Servier, Recordati. In the past several 
      years J.B. has been working as a consultant at Cogstate, Ltd. These did not 
      influence the present study and its results in any way.
EDAT- 2021/12/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2021/11/30
CRDT- 2021/12/10 01:10
PHST- 2021/10/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/10 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph182312632 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-12632 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph182312632 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 30;18(23):12632. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph182312632.