PMID- 34888239 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211211 IS - 2234-943X (Print) IS - 2234-943X (Electronic) IS - 2234-943X (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2021 TI - Variation in Plasma Levels of TRAF2 Protein During Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue. PG - 753699 LID - 10.3389/fonc.2021.753699 [doi] LID - 753699 AB - As early detection is crucial for improvement of cancer prognosis, we searched for biomarkers in plasma from individuals who later developed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) as well as in patients with an already established SCCOT. Levels of 261 proteins related to inflammation and/or tumor processes were measured using the proximity extension assay (PEA) in 179 plasma samples (42 collected before diagnosis of SCCOT with 81 matched controls; 28 collected at diagnosis of SCCOT with 28 matched controls). Statistical modeling tools principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square - discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to provide insights into separations between groups. PCA models failed to achieve group separation of SCCOT patients from controls based on protein levels in samples taken prior to diagnosis or at the time of diagnosis. For pre-diagnostic samples and their controls, no significant OPLS-DA model was identified. Potentials for separating pre-diagnostic samples collected up to five years before diagnosis (n = 15) from matched controls (n = 28) were seen in four proteins. For diagnostic samples and controls, the OPLS-DA model indicated that 21 proteins were important for group separation. TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), decreased in pre-diagnostic plasma (< 5 years) but increased at diagnosis, was the only protein showing altered levels before and at diagnosis of SCCOT (p-value < 0.05). Taken together, changes in plasma protein profiles at diagnosis were evident, but not reliably detectable in pre-diagnostic samples taken before clinical signs of tumor development. Variation in protein levels during cancer development poses a challenge for the identification of biomarkers that could predict SCCOT development. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Gu, Coates, Wang, Erdogan, Salehi, Sgaramella, Zborayova and Nylander. FAU - Gu, Xiaolian AU - Gu X AD - Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Coates, Philip AU - Coates P AD - Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia. FAU - Wang, Lixiao AU - Wang L AD - Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Erdogan, Baris AU - Erdogan B AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Salehi, Amir AU - Salehi A AD - Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Sgaramella, Nicola AU - Sgaramella N AD - Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Zborayova, Katarina AU - Zborayova K AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Nylander, Karin AU - Nylander K AD - Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211123 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Oncol JT - Frontiers in oncology JID - 101568867 PMC - PMC8649619 OTO - NOTNLM OT - TRAF2 OT - biomarker OT - plasma protein OT - prediction OT - tongue cancer COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/12/11 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/11 06:01 PMCR- 2021/01/01 CRDT- 2021/12/10 06:45 PHST- 2021/08/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/11/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/12/10 06:45 [entrez] PHST- 2021/12/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/11 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fonc.2021.753699 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Oncol. 2021 Nov 23;11:753699. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753699. eCollection 2021.