PMID- 34896556
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220203
LR  - 20220203
IS  - 1618-0402 (Electronic)
IS  - 0940-9602 (Linking)
VI  - 240
DP  - 2022 Feb
TI  - Can domestication shape Canidae brain morphology? The accessory olfactory bulb of 
      the red fox as a case in point.
PG  - 151881
LID - S0940-9602(21)00207-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151881 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first integrative center of 
      the vomeronasal system (VNS), and the general macroscopic, microscopic, and 
      neurochemical organizational patterns of the AOB differ fundamentally among 
      species. Therefore, the low degree of differentiation observed for the dog AOB is 
      surprising. As the artificial selection pressure exerted on domestic dogs has 
      been suggested to play a key role in the involution of the dog VNS, a wild canid, 
      such as the fox, represents a useful model for studying the hypothetical effects 
      of domestication on the AOB morphology. METHODS: A comprehensive histological, 
      lectin-histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of the fox AOB was performed. 
      Anti-Galphao and anti-Galphai2 antibodies were particularly useful, as they label the 
      transduction cascade of the vomeronasal receptor types 1 (V1R) and 2 (V2R), 
      respectively. Other employed antibodies included those against proteins such as 
      microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic 
      protein, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), olfactory marker protein (OMP), 
      calbindin, and calretinin. RESULTS: The cytoarchitecture of the fox AOB showed a 
      clear lamination, with neatly differentiated layers; a highly developed 
      glomerular layer, rich in periglomerular cells; and large inner cell and granular 
      layers. The immunolabeling of Galphai2, OMP, and GAP-43 delineated the outer layers, 
      whereas Galphao and MAP-2 immunolabeling defined the inner layers. MAP-2 
      characterized the somas of AOB principal cells and their dendritic trees. 
      Anti-calbindin and anti-calretinin antibodies discriminated neural subpopulations 
      in both the mitral-plexiform layer and the granular cell layer, and the lectin 
      Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) showed selectivity for the AOB and the 
      vomeronasal nerves. CONCLUSION: The fox AOB presents unique characteristics and a 
      higher degree of morphological development compared with the dog AOB. The 
      comparatively complex neural basis for semiochemical information processing in 
      the fox compared with that observed in dogs suggests loss of AOB anatomical 
      complexity during the evolutionary history of dogs and opens a new avenue of 
      research for studying the effects of domestication on brain structures.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ortiz-Leal, Irene
AU  - Ortiz-Leal I
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 
      Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
FAU - Torres, Mateo V
AU  - Torres MV
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 
      Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
FAU - Villamayor, Paula R
AU  - Villamayor PR
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 
      Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
FAU - Fidalgo, Luis Eusebio
AU  - Fidalgo LE
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 
      Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
FAU - Lopez-Beceiro, Ana
AU  - Lopez-Beceiro A
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 
      Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
FAU - Sanchez-Quinteiro, Pablo
AU  - Sanchez-Quinteiro P
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 
      Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain. 
      Electronic address: pablo.sanchez@usc.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211209
PL  - Germany
TA  - Ann Anat
JT  - Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische 
      Gesellschaft
JID - 100963897
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Domestication
MH  - Foxes
MH  - Neurons
MH  - *Olfactory Bulb
MH  - *Vomeronasal Organ
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Accessory olfactory bulb
OT  - Canidae
OT  - Fox
OT  - G proteins
OT  - Immunohistochemistry
OT  - Lectins
OT  - UEA
OT  - Vomeronasal system
COIS- Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the 
      absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a 
      potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/14 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/04 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/13 12:22
PHST- 2021/08/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/13 12:22 [entrez]
AID - S0940-9602(21)00207-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151881 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Anat. 2022 Feb;240:151881. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151881. Epub 2021 Dec 9.