PMID- 34906771 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220407 LR - 20220407 IS - 1950-6007 (Electronic) IS - 0753-3322 (Linking) VI - 146 DP - 2022 Feb TI - A review of the berberine natural polysaccharide nanostructures as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents. PG - 112531 LID - S0753-3322(21)01318-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112531 [doi] AB - Despite the promising medicinal properties, berberine (BBR), due to its relatively poor solubility in plasma, low bio-stability and limited bioavailability is not used broadly in clinical stages. Due to these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanoscale natural polysaccharides, are applied to address these concerns. Natural polymers are biodegradable, non-immunogenic, biocompatible, and non-toxic agents that are capable of trapping large amounts of hydrophobic compounds in relatively small volumes. The use of nanoscale natural polysaccharide improves the stability and pharmacokinetics of the small molecules and, consequently, increases the therapeutic effects and reduces the side effects of the small molecules. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the different methods used for increasing the BBR solubility and bioavailability. Afterwards, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic of BBR nanostructures were discussed followed by the introduction of natural polysaccharides of plant (cyclodextrines, glucomannan), the shells of crustaceans (chitosan), and the cell wall of brown marine algae (alginate)-based origins used to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble BBR and their anticancer and antibacterial properties. Finally, the anticancer and antibacterial mechanisms of free BBR and BBR nanostructures were surveyed. In conclusion, this review may pave the way for providing some useful data in the development of BBR-based platforms for clinical applications. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved. FAU - Khan, Suliman AU - Khan S AD - Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China. FAU - Hussain, Arif AU - Hussain A AD - School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. FAU - Attar, Farnoosh AU - Attar F AD - Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. FAU - Bloukh, Samir Haj AU - Bloukh SH AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. FAU - Edis, Zehra AU - Edis Z AD - Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. FAU - Sharifi, Majid AU - Sharifi M AD - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. FAU - Balali, Ebrahim AU - Balali E AD - Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Nemati, Fahimeh AU - Nemati F AD - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Derakhshankhah, Hossein AU - Derakhshankhah H AD - Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. FAU - Zeinabad, Hojjat Alizadeh AU - Zeinabad HA AD - Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Institute of Pathology, Univesity of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. FAU - Nabi, Faisal AU - Nabi F AD - Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, India. FAU - Khan, Rizwan Hasan AU - Khan RH AD - Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, India. FAU - Hao, Xiao AU - Hao X AD - Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China. FAU - Lin, Yueting AU - Lin Y AD - High Level Talent Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China. FAU - Hua, Linlin AU - Hua L AD - Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China. Electronic address: hualinlin2009@126.com. FAU - Ten Hagen, Timo L M AU - Ten Hagen TLM AD - Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: t.l.m.tenhagen@erasmusmc.nl. FAU - Falahati, Mojtaba AU - Falahati M AD - Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.falahati@erasmusmc.nl. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20211211 PL - France TA - Biomed Pharmacother JT - Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie JID - 8213295 RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0I8Y3P32UF (Berberine) RN - 9012-76-4 (Chitosan) SB - IM MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology MH - *Berberine/chemistry MH - Biological Availability MH - *Chitosan/chemistry MH - *Nanostructures OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antibacterial OT - Anticancer OT - Berberine OT - Nanoparticle OT - Natural polymer EDAT- 2021/12/16 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/08 06:00 CRDT- 2021/12/15 06:15 PHST- 2021/11/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/12/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/12/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/12/15 06:15 [entrez] AID - S0753-3322(21)01318-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112531 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Feb;146:112531. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112531. Epub 2021 Dec 11.