PMID- 34915605
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220315
LR  - 20220315
IS  - 2093-5978 (Electronic)
IS  - 2093-596X (Print)
IS  - 2093-596X (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Risk of Diabetes in Patients with Long-Standing Graves' Disease: A Longitudinal 
      Study.
PG  - 1277-1286
LID - 10.3803/EnM.2021.1251 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The detrimental effects of excessive thyroid hormone on glucose 
      metabolism have been widely investigated. However, the risk of diabetes in 
      patients with long-standing hyperthyroidism, especially according to treatment 
      modality, remains uncertain, with few longitudinal studies. METHODS: The risk of 
      diabetes in patients with Graves' disease treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) 
      for longer than the conventional duration (>/=2 years) was compared with that in 
      age-and sex-matched controls. The risk was further compared according to 
      subsequent treatment modalities after a 24-month course of ATD: continuation of 
      ATD (ATD group) vs. radioactive iodine ablation (RIA) group. RESULTS: A total of 
      4,593 patients were included. Diabetes was diagnosed in 751 (16.3%) patients over 
      a follow-up of 7.3 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes, after adjusting for 
      various known risk factors, was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.28) 
      in patients with hyperthyroidism. Among the treatment modality groups, the RIA 
      group (n=102) had a higher risk of diabetes than the ATD group (n=4,491) with HR 
      of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.42). Further, the risk of diabetes increased with an 
      increase in the ATD treatment duration (P for trend=0.019). CONCLUSION: The risk 
      of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with long-standing Graves' 
      disease than in the general population, especially in patients who underwent RIA 
      and prolonged ATD treatment. Special attention to hyperglycemia during follow-up 
      along with effective control of hyperthyroidism may be necessary to reduce the 
      risk of diabetes in these patients.
FAU - Song, Eyun
AU  - Song E
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Koo, Min Ji
AU  - Koo MJ
AD  - Smart Healthcare Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College 
      of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Noh, Eunjin
AU  - Noh E
AD  - Smart Healthcare Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College 
      of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Hwang, Soon Young
AU  - Hwang SY
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Park, Min Jeong
AU  - Park MJ
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jung A
AU  - Kim JA
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Roh, Eun
AU  - Roh E
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Choi, Kyung Mook
AU  - Choi KM
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Baik, Sei Hyun
AU  - Baik SH
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Geum Joon
AU  - Cho GJ
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Yoo, Hye Jin
AU  - Yoo HJ
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211216
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)
JT  - Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
JID - 101554139
RN  - 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes)
SB  - IM
CIN - Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Dec;36(6):1175-1177. PMID: 34986300
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
MH  - *Graves Disease/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - *Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
PMC - PMC8743588
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antithyroid agents
OT  - Diabetes mellitus
OT  - Graves disease
OT  - Hyperthyroidism
OT  - Radioiodine ablation
COIS- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article 
      was reported.
EDAT- 2021/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/16 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/01
CRDT- 2021/12/16 20:53
PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/16 20:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EnM.2021.1251 [pii]
AID - enm-2021-1251 [pii]
AID - 10.3803/EnM.2021.1251 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Dec;36(6):1277-1286. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1251. 
      Epub 2021 Dec 16.