PMID- 34917074
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220204
LR  - 20220204
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Secretome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney Leukocytes Highlights the Role 
      of Phagocytes in the Immune Response to Soluble beta-Glucan.
PG  - 736964
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736964 [doi]
LID - 736964
AB  - beta-Glucans (BG) are glucose polymers which are produced in bacteria and fungi but 
      not in vertebrate organisms. Being recognized by phagocytic leukocytes including 
      macrophages and neutrophils through receptors such as dectin-1 and Complement 
      receptor 3 (CR3), the BG are perceived by the innate immune system of vertebrates 
      as foreign substances known as Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). 
      The yeast-derived BG has been recognized for its potent biological activity and 
      it is used as an immunomodulator in human and veterinary medicine. The goal of 
      the current study was to characterize the immunostimulatory activity of soluble 
      yeast BG in primary cultures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney 
      leukocytes (HKLs) in which phagocytic cell types including neutrophils and 
      mononuclear phagocytes predominate. The effect of BG on the secretome of HKL 
      cultures, including secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble 
      protein55s was characterized through western blotting and mass spectrometry. The 
      results demonstrate that, along with upregulation of proinflammatory genes, BG 
      induces secretion of ubiquitinated proteins (UbP), MHCII-containing EVs from 
      professional antigen presenting cells as well as proteins derived from granules 
      of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Among the most abundant proteins 
      identified in BG-induced EVs were beta-2 integrin subunits, including CD18 and 
      CD11 homologs, which highlights the role of salmon granulocytes and mononuclear 
      phagocytes in the response to soluble BG. Overall, the current work advances the 
      knowledge about the immunostimulatory activity of yeast BG on the salmon immune 
      system by shedding light on the effect of this PAMP on the secretome of salmon 
      leukocytes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Iliev, Strandskog, Sobhkhez, Bruun and Jorgensen.
FAU - Iliev, Dimitar B
AU  - Iliev DB
AD  - The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 
      Tromso, Norway.
AD  - Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', 
      Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
FAU - Strandskog, Guro
AU  - Strandskog G
AD  - The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 
      Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Sobhkhez, Mehrdad
AU  - Sobhkhez M
AD  - The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 
      Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Bruun, Jack A
AU  - Bruun JA
AD  - Department of Medical Biology, Proteomics Platform, UiT The Arctic University of 
      Norway, Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Jorgensen, Jorunn B
AU  - Jorgensen JB
AD  - The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 
      Tromso, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211130
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (beta-Glucans)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Extracellular Vesicles/immunology
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Head Kidney/immunology
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*immunology
MH  - Leukocytes/*immunology
MH  - Phagocytes/*immunology
MH  - Salmo salar/*immunology
MH  - Secretome/immunology
MH  - beta-Glucans/*immunology
PMC - PMC8671040
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atlantic salmon
OT  - exosomes
OT  - extracellular vesicles
OT  - leukocytes
OT  - mononuclear phagocytes
OT  - polymorphonuclear granulocytes
OT  - beta-Glucan
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/05 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/12/17 06:53
PHST- 2021/07/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/17 06:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736964 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 30;12:736964. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736964. eCollection 
      2021.