PMID- 34919567
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220216
LR  - 20220216
IS  - 1935-2735 (Electronic)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Print)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from 
      patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People's 
      Republic of China.
PG  - e0010055
LID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010055 [doi]
LID - e0010055
AB  - BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been declared as one of the six major 
      tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. This disease has been 
      successfully controlled in China, except for some areas in the western region, 
      such as the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, where both anthroponotic VL (AVL) and 
      desert type zoonotic VL (DT-ZVL) remain endemic with sporadic epidemics. 
      METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, an eleven-year survey (2004-2014) of 
      Leishmania species, encompassing both VL types isolated from patients, sand-fly 
      vectors and Tarim hares (Lepus yarkandensis) from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region 
      was conducted, with a special emphasis on the hares as a potential reservoir 
      animal for DT-ZVL. Key diagnostic genes, ITS1, hsp70 and nagt (encoding 
      N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase) were used for phylogenetic analyses, 
      placing all Xinjiang isolates into one clade of the L. donovani complex. 
      Unexpectedly, AVL isolates were found to be closely related to L. infantum, while 
      DT-ZVL isolates were closer to L. donovani. Unrooted parsimony networks of 
      haplotypes for these isolates also revealed their relationship. 
      CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The above analyses of the DT-ZVL isolates suggested 
      their geographic isolation and independent evolution. The sequence identity of 
      isolates from patients, vectors and the Tarim hares in a single DT-ZVL site 
      provides strong evidence in support of this species as an animal reservoir.
FAU - Chen, Yun-Fu
AU  - Chen YF
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Liao, Li-Fu
AU  - Liao LF
AD  - Center for Laboratory Animal Research, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Center 
      for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, The People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wu, Na
AU  - Wu N
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Gao, Jiang-Mei
AU  - Gao JM
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
AD  - Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, 
      Institute of zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, The People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Zhang, Peng
AU  - Zhang P
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wen, Yan-Zi
AU  - Wen YZ
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Hide, Geoff
AU  - Hide G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3608-0175
AD  - Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School 
      of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Lai, De-Hua
AU  - Lai DH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4709-1507
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Lun, Zhao-Rong
AU  - Lun ZR
AD  - MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of 
      Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, The 
      People's Republic of China.
AD  - Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School 
      of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United 
      Kingdom.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211217
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis
JT  - PLoS neglected tropical diseases
JID - 101291488
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - China/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hares/*parasitology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Insect Vectors/classification/*parasitology
MH  - Leishmania/*classification/genetics
MH  - Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*parasitology/*veterinary
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Psychodidae/classification/*parasitology
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC8752017
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/17 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/17
CRDT- 2021/12/17 17:17
PHST- 2021/06/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/17 17:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PNTD-D-21-00931 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010055 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Dec 17;15(12):e0010055. doi: 
      10.1371/journal.pntd.0010055. eCollection 2021 Dec.