PMID- 34932437
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220420
LR  - 20220420
IS  - 1943-281X (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-2747 (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Spring
TI  - Intra/interpersonal Functions of Non-suicidal Self-injury in Adolescents with 
      Major Depressive Disorder: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Alexithymia, and 
      Childhood Traumas.
PG  - 86-99
LID - 10.1080/00332747.2021.1989854 [doi]
AB  - Objective: This study examines non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior, its 
      functions and associated factors like childhood trauma, alexithymia, empathy, and 
      emotion regulation, in adolescents suffering from depression.Method: The study 
      sample consisted of 67 adolescents; 11 boys (mean age = 14.94 +/-1.45) and 56 girls 
      (mean age = 14.72 +/-1.48), all with major depressive disorder. Standard tests and 
      measurements were used for data collection, including Beck Depression Inventory 
      for identifying depression symptoms; Brief Symptom Inventory for screening 
      psychiatric symptoms; Inventory of Statements About Self Injury (ISAS) to 
      identify the lifetime frequency and functions of NSSI in subjects; Childhood 
      Trauma Questionnaire to evaluate sexual, physical, and emotional abuse plus 
      childhood neglect; Toronto Alexithymia Scale to assess difficulties in 
      identifying and/or describing feelings; Basic Empathy Scale to measure empathy 
      levels within the framework of basic emotions; and the Difficulty of Emotion 
      Regulation Scale to determine the awareness and clarity of emotional 
      response.Results: It was found that 64.1% of adolescents studied have had at 
      least one NSSI to date. The most frequent intrapersonal functions associated with 
      NSSI were Affect Regulation and Marking Distress, and the most common 
      interpersonal functions were Toughness and Interpersonal Boundaries. According to 
      a correlation analysis with ISAS scores, Affect Regulation was associated with 
      obsession-compulsion, anxiety, difficulty identifying feelings and clarity 
      scores. Marking Distress, generating a physical sign of feeling awful, was 
      positively associated with Paranoid Ideation scores and negatively associated 
      with Emotional Neglect scores. The Interpersonal Boundaries was positively 
      associated with Childhood Physical Abuse and Impulse scores.Conclusions: NSSI is 
      realized by different functions in the intrapersonal and interpersonal areas in 
      adolescents with depression. Emotion regulation abilities, alexithymia, and 
      childhood trauma are also associated factors or functions of NSSI.
FAU - Tas Torun, Yasemin
AU  - Tas Torun Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4922-7594
FAU - Gul, Hesna
AU  - Gul H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1696-1485
FAU - Yaylali, Fatma Hulya
AU  - Yaylali FH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2487-9772
FAU - Gul, Ahmet
AU  - Gul A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7723-3027
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211221
PL  - United States
TA  - Psychiatry
JT  - Psychiatry
JID - 0376470
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Adverse Childhood Experiences
MH  - Affective Symptoms
MH  - Child
MH  - *Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology
MH  - *Emotional Regulation
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology
EDAT- 2021/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/21 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/21 17:16
PHST- 2021/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/21 17:16 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/00332747.2021.1989854 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychiatry. 2022 Spring;85(1):86-99. doi: 10.1080/00332747.2021.1989854. Epub 
      2021 Dec 21.