PMID- 34937399
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220504
LR  - 20220526
IS  - 1557-9042 (Electronic)
IS  - 0897-7151 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 9-10
DP  - 2022 May
TI  - A New Score Based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification 
      of Spinal Cord Injury for Integrative Evaluation of Changes in Sensorimotor 
      Functions.
PG  - 613-626
LID - 10.1089/neu.2021.0368 [doi]
AB  - Sensorimotor function of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) is commonly 
      assessed according to the International Standards for Neurological Classification 
      of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). From the ISNCSCI segmental motor and sensory 
      assessments, upper and lower extremity motor scores (UEMS and LEMS), sum scores 
      of pinprick (PP) and light touch (LT) sensation, the neurological level of injury 
      (NLI) and the classification of lesion severity according to the American Spinal 
      Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade are derived. Changes of these 
      parameters over time are used widely to evaluate neurological recovery. 
      Evaluating recovery based on a single ISNCSCI scoring or classification variable, 
      however, may misestimate overall recovery. Here, we propose an Integrated 
      Neurological Change Score (INCS) based on the combination of normalized changes 
      between two time points of UEMS, LEMS, and total PP and LT scores. To assess the 
      agreement of INCS with clinical judgment of meaningfulness of neurological 
      changes, changes of ISNCSCI variables between two time points of 88 patients from 
      an independent cohort were rated by 20 clinical experts according to a 
      five-categories Likert Scale. As for individual ISNCSCI variables, neurological 
      change measured by INCS is associated with severity (AIS grade), age, and time 
      since injury, but INCS better reflects clinical judgment about meaningfulness of 
      neurological changes than individual ISNCSCI variables. In addition, INCS is 
      related to changes in functional independence measured by the Spinal Cord 
      Independence Measure (SCIM) in patients with tetraplegia. The INCS may be a 
      useful measure of overall neurological change in clinical studies.
FAU - Grassner, Lukas
AU  - Grassner L
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
AD  - Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 
      Salzburg, Austria.
AD  - Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), 
      Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
AD  - Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
FAU - Garcia-Ovejero, Daniel
AU  - Garcia-Ovejero D
AD  - Neuroinflammation Laboratory, and Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, 
      Toledo, Spain.
FAU - Mach, Orpheus
AU  - Mach O
AD  - Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
FAU - Lopez-Dolado, Elisa
AU  - Lopez-Dolado E
AD  - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Nacional de 
      Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
FAU - Vargas-Baquero, Eduardo
AU  - Vargas-Baquero E
AD  - Sexual and Fertility Unit, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, 
      Spain.
FAU - Alcobendas-Maestro, Monica
AU  - Alcobendas-Maestro M
AD  - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Nacional de 
      Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
FAU - Esclarin, Ana
AU  - Esclarin A
AD  - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Nacional de 
      Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
FAU - Sanktjohaneser, Ludwig
AU  - Sanktjohaneser L
AD  - Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
FAU - Wutte, Christof
AU  - Wutte C
AD  - Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
AD  - Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany and Paracelsus 
      Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
FAU - Becker, Johannes
AU  - Becker J
AD  - Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
FAU - Lener, Sara
AU  - Lener S
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
FAU - Hartmann, Sebastian
AU  - Hartmann S
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
FAU - Girod, Pierre-Pascal
AU  - Girod PP
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
FAU - Kogl, Nikolaus
AU  - Kogl N
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
FAU - Griessenauer, Christoph J
AU  - Griessenauer CJ
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
FAU - Papadopoulus, Marios
AU  - Papadopoulus M
AD  - Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St. George's University of London, London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Geisler, Fred
AU  - Geisler F
AD  - Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 
      Saskatchewan, Canada.
FAU - Thome, Claudius
AU  - Thome C
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
FAU - Molina-Holgado, Eduardo
AU  - Molina-Holgado E
AD  - Neuroinflammation Laboratory, and Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, 
      Toledo, Spain.
FAU - Vidal, Joan
AU  - Vidal J
AD  - Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitacio adscrit a la UAB, 
      089M6, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08M93, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, 
      Spain.
AD  - Fundacio Institut d'Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 
      Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Curt, Armin
AU  - Curt A
AD  - Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Scivoletto, Giorgio
AU  - Scivoletto G
AD  - Spinal Unit and Spinal Rehabilitation (SpiRe) Lab, IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, 
      Rome, Italy.
FAU - Guest, James
AU  - Guest J
AD  - The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, and Miller School of Medicine, The 
      University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
AD  - Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, The University of 
      Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
FAU - Maier, Doris
AU  - Maier D
AD  - Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
FAU - Weidner, Norbert
AU  - Weidner N
AD  - Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Rupp, Rudiger
AU  - Rupp R
AD  - Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Kramer, John L K
AU  - Kramer JLK
AD  - International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Pharmacology, and 
      Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
AD  - Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, and Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, 
      University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of 
      British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
FAU - Arevalo-Martin, Angel
AU  - Arevalo-Martin A
AD  - Neuroinflammation Laboratory, and Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, 
      Toledo, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurotrauma
JT  - Journal of neurotrauma
JID - 8811626
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Quadriplegia/complications
MH  - Recovery of Function
MH  - Sensation
MH  - *Spinal Cord Injuries
MH  - Upper Extremity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - INCS
OT  - neurologic examination
OT  - neurologic recovery
OT  - spinal cord injuries
EDAT- 2021/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/06 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/23 05:21
PHST- 2021/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/23 05:21 [entrez]
AID - 10.1089/neu.2021.0368 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurotrauma. 2022 May;39(9-10):613-626. doi: 10.1089/neu.2021.0368.