PMID- 34937933
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220111
LR  - 20220111
IS  - 1529-2916 (Electronic)
IS  - 1529-2908 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan
TI  - Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of 
      tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8(+) T cell responses following COVID-19.
PG  - 23-32
LID - 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w [doi]
AB  - Systemic immune cell dynamics during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are 
      extensively documented, but these are less well studied in the (upper) 
      respiratory tract, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 
      (SARS-CoV-2) replicates(1-6). Here, we characterized nasal and systemic immune 
      cells in individuals with COVID-19 who were hospitalized or convalescent and 
      compared the immune cells to those seen in healthy donors. We observed increased 
      nasal granulocytes, monocytes, CD11c(+) natural killer (NK) cells and CD4(+) T 
      effector cells during acute COVID-19. The mucosal proinflammatory populations 
      positively associated with peripheral blood human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR(low) 
      monocytes, CD38(+)PD1(+)CD4(+) T effector (T(eff)) cells and plasmablasts. 
      However, there was no general lymphopenia in nasal mucosa, unlike in peripheral 
      blood. Moreover, nasal neutrophils negatively associated with oxygen saturation 
      levels in blood. Following convalescence, nasal immune cells mostly normalized, 
      except for CD127(+) granulocytes and CD38(+)CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells 
      (T(RM)). SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8(+) T cells persisted at least 2 months after 
      viral clearance in the nasal mucosa, indicating that COVID-19 has both transient 
      and long-term effects on upper respiratory tract immune responses.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
FAU - Roukens, Anna H E
AU  - Roukens AHE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1397-0992
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Pothast, Cilia R
AU  - Pothast CR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9761-3123
AD  - Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Konig, Marion
AU  - Konig M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9892-218X
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Huisman, Wesley
AU  - Huisman W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5699-7087
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Dalebout, Tim
AU  - Dalebout T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5916-7548
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Tak, Tamar
AU  - Tak T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5959-7927
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Azimi, Shohreh
AU  - Azimi S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3117-5722
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Kruize, Yvonne
AU  - Kruize Y
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Hagedoorn, Renate S
AU  - Hagedoorn RS
AD  - Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Zlei, Mihaela
AU  - Zlei M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6865-8883
AD  - Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Staal, Frank J T
AU  - Staal FJT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1588-8519
AD  - Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - de Bie, Fenna J
AU  - de Bie FJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3817-8616
AD  - Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - van Dongen, Jacques J M
AU  - van Dongen JJM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3650-7087
AD  - Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Arbous, Sesmu M
AU  - Arbous SM
AD  - Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Zhang, Jaimie L H
AU  - Zhang JLH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3064-5486
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Verheij, Maaike
AU  - Verheij M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9686-3676
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Prins, Corine
AU  - Prins C
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - van der Does, Anne M
AU  - van der Does AM
AD  - Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Hiemstra, Pieter S
AU  - Hiemstra PS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0238-5982
AD  - Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - de Vries, Jutte J C
AU  - de Vries JJC
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Janse, Jacqueline J
AU  - Janse JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4884-5881
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Roestenberg, Meta
AU  - Roestenberg M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5052-2830
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Myeni, Sebenzile K
AU  - Myeni SK
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Kikkert, Marjolein
AU  - Kikkert M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5779-7386
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center for Infectious 
      Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Yazdanbakhsh, Maria
AU  - Yazdanbakhsh M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7666-1441
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Heemskerk, Mirjam H M
AU  - Heemskerk MHM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6320-9133
AD  - Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Smits, Hermelijn H
AU  - Smits HH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9279-2890
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
FAU - Jochems, Simon P
AU  - Jochems SP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4835-1032
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, 
      Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. s.p.jochems@lumc.nl.
CN  - in collaboration with BEAT-COVID group
CN  - in collaboration with COVID-19 LUMC group
LA  - eng
GR  - Gisela Thier Fellowship/Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum (Leiden University 
      Medical Center)/
GR  - 114025007/ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development)/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211222
PL  - United States
TA  - Nat Immunol
JT  - Nature immunology
JID - 100941354
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
MH  - COVID-19/immunology/pathology
MH  - Granulocytes/immunology
MH  - HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
MH  - Memory T Cells/immunology
MH  - Monocytes/immunology
MH  - Nasopharynx/cytology/*immunology/virology
MH  - Neutrophils/immunology
MH  - Nose/*cytology/immunology/virology
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Respiratory Mucosa/cytology/*immunology/virology
MH  - SARS-CoV-2/*immunology
FIR - Arbous, M S
IR  - Arbous MS
FIR - van den Berg, B M
IR  - van den Berg BM
FIR - de Bruin-Versteeg, S
IR  - de Bruin-Versteeg S
FIR - Cannegieter, S
IR  - Cannegieter S
FIR - Cante, K
IR  - Cante K
FIR - Cobbaert, C M
IR  - Cobbaert CM
FIR - van der Does, A M
IR  - van der Does AM
FIR - van Dongen, J J M
IR  - van Dongen JJM
FIR - Eikenboom, J
IR  - Eikenboom J
FIR - Feltkamp, M C W
IR  - Feltkamp MCW
FIR - Geluk, A
IR  - Geluk A
FIR - Goeman, J J
IR  - Goeman JJ
FIR - Giera, M
IR  - Giera M
FIR - Groenland, R J
IR  - Groenland RJ
FIR - Hankemeier, T
IR  - Hankemeier T
FIR - Heemskerk, M H M
IR  - Heemskerk MHM
FIR - Hiemstra, P S
IR  - Hiemstra PS
FIR - Hokke, C H
IR  - Hokke CH
FIR - van der Holst, R
IR  - van der Holst R
FIR - Janse, J J
IR  - Janse JJ
FIR - Jochems, S P
IR  - Jochems SP
FIR - Joosten, S A
IR  - Joosten SA
FIR - Kikkert, M
IR  - Kikkert M
FIR - Flores, S Klaver
IR  - Flores SK
FIR - Lamont, L
IR  - Lamont L
FIR - Mannien, J
IR  - Mannien J
FIR - de Mooij, B
IR  - de Mooij B
FIR - Ottenhoff, T H M
IR  - Ottenhoff THM
FIR - Pike-Overzet, K
IR  - Pike-Overzet K
FIR - Pongracz, T
IR  - Pongracz T
FIR - Del Prado, M R
IR  - Del Prado MR
FIR - Rosinach, N Queralt
IR  - Rosinach NQ
FIR - Roestenberg, M
IR  - Roestenberg M
FIR - Roos, M
IR  - Roos M
FIR - Roukens, A H E
IR  - Roukens AHE
FIR - van der Sluijs-Gelling, Alita J
IR  - van der Sluijs-Gelling AJ
FIR - Smits, H H
IR  - Smits HH
FIR - Snijder, E J
IR  - Snijder EJ
FIR - Staal, F J T
IR  - Staal FJT
FIR - Trouw, L A
IR  - Trouw LA
FIR - Tsonaka, R
IR  - Tsonaka R
FIR - Verhoeven, A
IR  - Verhoeven A
FIR - Visser, L G
IR  - Visser LG
FIR - de Vries, J J C
IR  - de Vries JJC
FIR - van Westerloo, D J
IR  - van Westerloo DJ
FIR - Wigbers, J
IR  - Wigbers J
FIR - van der Wijk, H J
IR  - van der Wijk HJ
FIR - van Wissen, R C
IR  - van Wissen RC
FIR - Wuhrer, M
IR  - Wuhrer M
FIR - Yazdanbakhsh, M
IR  - Yazdanbakhsh M
FIR - Zlei, M
IR  - Zlei M
FIR - Oud, Josine A
IR  - Oud JA
FIR - Baysan, Meryem
IR  - Baysan M
FIR - Wigbers, Jeanette
IR  - Wigbers J
FIR - van Heurn, Lieke J
IR  - van Heurn LJ
FIR - Ter Haar, Susan B
IR  - Ter Haar SB
FIR - Toppenberg, Alexandra G L
IR  - Toppenberg AGL
FIR - Heerdink, Laura
IR  - Heerdink L
FIR - van IJlzinga Veenstra, Annekee A
IR  - van IJlzinga Veenstra AA
FIR - Eikenboom, Anna M
IR  - Eikenboom AM
FIR - Wubbolts, Julia M
IR  - Wubbolts JM
FIR - Uzorka, Jonathan
IR  - Uzorka J
FIR - Lijfering, Willem
IR  - Lijfering W
FIR - Meier, Romy
IR  - Meier R
FIR - de Jonge, Ingeborg
IR  - de Jonge I
FIR - de Boer, Mark G J
IR  - de Boer MGJ
FIR - van der Bom, Anske G
IR  - van der Bom AG
FIR - Dekkers, Olaf M
IR  - Dekkers OM
FIR - Rosendaal, Frits
IR  - Rosendaal F
EDAT- 2021/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/12 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/23 05:43
PHST- 2021/04/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/23 05:43 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Immunol. 2022 Jan;23(1):23-32. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w. Epub 2021 Dec 
      22.