PMID- 34938289
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220106
LR  - 20220106
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Longitudinal Cytokine Profile in Patients With Mild to Critical COVID-19.
PG  - 763292
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763292 [doi]
LID - 763292
AB  - The cytokine release syndrome has been proposed as the driver of inflammation in 
      coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, studies on longitudinal cytokine 
      profiles in patients across the whole severity spectrum of COVID-19 are lacking. 
      In this prospective observational study on adult COVID-19 patients admitted to 
      two Hong Kong public hospitals, cytokine profiling was performed on blood samples 
      taken during early phase (within 7 days of symptom onset) and late phase (8 to 12 
      days of symptom onset). The primary objective was to evaluate the difference in 
      early and late cytokine profiles among patient groups with different disease 
      severity. The secondary objective was to assess the associations between 
      cytokines and clinical endpoints in critically ill patients. A total of 40 adult 
      patients (mild = 8, moderate = 15, severe/critical = 17) hospitalized with 
      COVID-19 were included in this study. We found 22 cytokines which were correlated 
      with disease severity, as proinflammatory Th1-related cytokines (interleukin 
      (IL)-18, interferon-induced protein-10 (IP-10), monokine-induced by gamma 
      interferon (MIG), and IL-10) and ARDS-associated cytokines (IL-6, monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), 
      and IL-8) were progressively elevated with increasing disease severity. 
      Furthermore, 11 cytokines were consistently different in both early and late 
      phases, including seven (growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha), IL-1RA, IL-6, 
      IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, and MIG) that increased and four (FGF-2, IL-5, 
      macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and MIP-1alpha) that decreased from mild to 
      severe/critical patients. IL-8, followed by IP-10 and MDC were the best 
      performing early biomarkers to predict disease severity. Among critically ill 
      patients, MCP-1 predicted the duration of mechanical ventilation, highest 
      norepinephrine dose administered, and length of intensive care stay.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Ling, Chen, Lui, Wong, Wong, Ng, Tso, Fung, Chan, Yeung, Hui and 
      Chan.
FAU - Ling, Lowell
AU  - Ling L
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong 
      Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Chen, Zigui
AU  - Chen Z
AD  - Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong 
      Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Lui, Grace
AU  - Lui G
AD  - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese 
      University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
AD  - Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of 
      Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Wong, Chun Kwok
AU  - Wong CK
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 
      Hong Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Wong, Wai Tat
AU  - Wong WT
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong 
      Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Ng, Rita W Y
AU  - Ng RWY
AD  - Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong 
      Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Tso, Eugene Y K
AU  - Tso EYK
AD  - Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong 
      Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Fung, Kitty S C
AU  - Fung KSC
AD  - Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 
      China.
FAU - Chan, Veronica
AU  - Chan V
AD  - Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong 
      Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Yeung, Apple C M
AU  - Yeung ACM
AD  - Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong 
      Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Hui, David S C
AU  - Hui DSC
AD  - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese 
      University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
AD  - Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of 
      Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Chan, Paul K S
AU  - Chan PKS
AD  - Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong 
      Kong SAR, China.
AD  - Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of 
      Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211206
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biomarkers/*blood
MH  - COVID-19/blood/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/*blood/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hong Kong
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
PMC - PMC8685399
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - biomarker
OT  - chemokine
OT  - coronavirus
OT  - host response
OT  - immune
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/07 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/06
CRDT- 2021/12/23 05:48
PHST- 2021/08/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/23 05:48 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763292 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 6;12:763292. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763292. eCollection 
      2021.