PMID- 34943712
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211228
IS  - 2079-6382 (Print)
IS  - 2079-6382 (Electronic)
IS  - 2079-6382 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Dec 7
TI  - Influence of Nisin-Biogel at Subinhibitory Concentrations on Virulence Expression 
      in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Diabetic Foot Infections.
LID - 10.3390/antibiotics10121501 [doi]
LID - 1501
AB  - A new approach to diabetic foot infections (DFIs) has been investigated, using a 
      nisin-biogel combining the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) nisin with the natural 
      polysaccharide guar-gum. Since in in vivo conditions bacteria may be exposed to 
      decreased antimicrobial concentrations, known as subinhibitory concentrations 
      (sub-MICs), effects of nisin-biogel sub-MIC values corresponding to 1/2, 1/4 and 
      1/8 of nisin's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on virulence expression by 
      six Staphylococcus aureus DFI isolates was evaluated by determining bacteria 
      growth rate; expression of genes encoding for staphylococcal protein A (spA), 
      coagulase (coa), clumping factor A (clfA), autolysin (atl), intracellular adhesin 
      A (icaA), intracellular adhesin D (icaD), and the accessory gene regulator I 
      (agrI); biofilm formation; Coa production; and SpA release. Nisin-biogel sub-MICs 
      decreased bacterial growth in a strain- and dose-dependent manner, decreased 
      agrI, atl and clfA expression, and increased spA, coa, icaA and icaD expression. 
      Biofilm formation increased in the presence of nisin-biogel at 1/4 and 1/8 MIC, 
      whereas 1/2 MIC had no effect. Finally, nisin-biogel at sub-MICs did not affect 
      coagulase production, but decreased SpA production in a dose-dependent manner. 
      Results highlight the importance of optimizing nisin-biogel doses before 
      proceeding to in vivo trials, to reduce the risk of virulence factor's 
      up-regulation due to the presence of inappropriate antimicrobial concentrations.
FAU - Jesus, Carolina
AU  - Jesus C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8500-8295
AD  - CIISA-Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de 
      Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica, 
      1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Soares, Rui
AU  - Soares R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6573-5292
AD  - CIISA-Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de 
      Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica, 
      1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Cunha, Eva
AU  - Cunha E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5641-4400
AD  - CIISA-Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de 
      Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica, 
      1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Grilo, Miguel
AU  - Grilo M
AD  - CIISA-Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de 
      Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica, 
      1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Tavares, Luis
AU  - Tavares L
AD  - CIISA-Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de 
      Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica, 
      1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Oliveira, Manuela
AU  - Oliveira M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3910-1525
AD  - CIISA-Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de 
      Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica, 
      1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
LA  - eng
GR  - PTDC/SAU-INF/28466/2017/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - SFRH/BD/131384/2017/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - C10571K/University of Lisbon/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211207
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Antibiotics (Basel)
JT  - Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101637404
PMC - PMC8698857
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Staphylococcus aureus
OT  - biofilm
OT  - diabetic foot infections
OT  - subinhibitory concentrations
OT  - virulence-related genes
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/25 06:01
PMCR- 2021/12/07
CRDT- 2021/12/24 01:03
PHST- 2021/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/24 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - antibiotics10121501 [pii]
AID - antibiotics-10-01501 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/antibiotics10121501 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Dec 7;10(12):1501. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121501.