PMID- 34945399
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211229
IS  - 2072-666X (Print)
IS  - 2072-666X (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-666X (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Dec 12
TI  - Open-Source FPGA Coprocessor for the Doppler Emulation of Moving Fluids.
LID - 10.3390/mi12121549 [doi]
LID - 1549
AB  - Embedded systems are nowadays employed in a wide range of application, and their 
      capability to implement calculation-intensive algorithms is growing quickly and 
      constantly. This result is obtained by the exploitation of powerful embedded 
      processors that are often connected to coprocessors optimized for a particular 
      application. This work presents an open-source coprocessor dedicated to the 
      real-time generation of a synthetic signal that mimics the echoes produced by a 
      moving fluid when investigated by ultrasounds. The coprocessor is implemented in 
      a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device and integrated in an embedded 
      system. The system can replace the complex and inaccurate flow-rigs employed in 
      laboratorial tests of Doppler ultrasound systems and methods. This paper details 
      the coprocessor and its standard interfaces, and shows how it can be integrated 
      in the wider architecture of an embedded system. Experiments showed its 
      capability to emulate a fluid flowing in a pipe when investigated by an 
      echographic Doppler system.
FAU - Ricci, Stefano
AU  - Ricci S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7410-6057
AD  - Information Engineering Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - Ministry of Education, Universities and Research/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211212
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Micromachines (Basel)
JT  - Micromachines
JID - 101640903
PMC - PMC8705441
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - FPGA
OT  - VHDL
OT  - doppler ultrasound
OT  - electronic doppler phantom
OT  - embedded coprocessor
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/12/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/25 06:01
PMCR- 2021/12/12
CRDT- 2021/12/24 01:08
PHST- 2021/11/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/24 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mi12121549 [pii]
AID - micromachines-12-01549 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/mi12121549 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Micromachines (Basel). 2021 Dec 12;12(12):1549. doi: 10.3390/mi12121549.