PMID- 34945652
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211229
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Dec 14
TI  - Evaluation of the Miscibility of Novel Cocoa Butter Equivalents by Raman Mapping 
      and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares.
LID - 10.3390/foods10123101 [doi]
LID - 3101
AB  - Cocoa butter (CB) is an ingredient traditionally used in the manufacturing of 
      chocolates, but its availability is decreasing due to its scarcity and high cost. 
      For this reason, other vegetable oils, known as cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), 
      are used to replace CB partially or wholly. In the present work, two Peruvian 
      vegetable oils, coconut oil (CNO) and sacha inchi oil (SIO), are proposed as 
      novel CBEs. Confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) was used for the chemical 
      differentiation and polymorphism of these oils with CB based on their Raman 
      spectra. To analyze their miscibility, two types of blends were prepared: CB with 
      CNO, and CB with SIO. Both were prepared at 5 different concentrations (5%, 15%, 
      25%, 35%, and 45%). Raman mapping was used to obtain the chemical maps of the 
      blends and analyze their miscibility through distribution maps, histograms and 
      relative standard deviation (RSD). These values were obtained with multivariate 
      curve resolution-alternating least squares. The results show that both vegetable 
      oils are miscible with CB at high concentrations: 45% for CNO and 35% for SIO. At 
      low concentrations, their miscibility decreases. This shows that it is possible 
      to consider these vegetable oils as novel CBEs in the manufacturing of 
      chocolates.
FAU - Castro-Alayo, Efrain M
AU  - Castro-Alayo EM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4322-8980
AD  - Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Investigacion, 
      Innovacion y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Region 
      Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 
      Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru.
AD  - Seccion de Ingenieria Industrial, Departamento de Ingenieria, Pontificia 
      Universidad Catolica del Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Peru.
AD  - Programa de Doctorado en Ingenieria, Departamento de Ingenieria, Pontificia 
      Universidad Catolica del Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Peru.
FAU - Torrejon-Valqui, Llisela
AU  - Torrejon-Valqui L
AD  - Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Investigacion, 
      Innovacion y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Region 
      Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 
      Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru.
FAU - Cayo-Colca, Ilse S
AU  - Cayo-Colca IS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6518-0979
AD  - Facultad de Ingenieria Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnologia, Universidad 
      Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, 
      Chachapoyas 01001, Peru.
FAU - Cardenas-Toro, Fiorella P
AU  - Cardenas-Toro FP
AD  - Seccion de Ingenieria Industrial, Departamento de Ingenieria, Pontificia 
      Universidad Catolica del Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Peru.
AD  - Programa de Doctorado en Ingenieria, Departamento de Ingenieria, Pontificia 
      Universidad Catolica del Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Peru.
LA  - eng
GR  - Contrato N degrees  012-2018-Fondecyt/BM/Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e 
      Innovacion Tecnologica/
GR  - Contrato N degrees  012-2018-Fondecyt/BM/World Bank Group/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211214
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC8700800
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chocolate
OT  - cocoa butter
OT  - coconut oil
OT  - confocal raman microscopy
OT  - multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares
OT  - raman mapping
OT  - sacha inchi oil
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/12/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/25 06:01
PMCR- 2021/12/14
CRDT- 2021/12/24 01:09
PHST- 2021/11/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/24 01:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods10123101 [pii]
AID - foods-10-03101 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods10123101 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2021 Dec 14;10(12):3101. doi: 10.3390/foods10123101.