PMID- 34950391
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230102
IS  - 1941-8744 (Print)
IS  - 1941-8752 (Electronic)
IS  - 1941-8744 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan
TI  - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Patient With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate 
      Receptor Encephalitis: Case Report and Review of Related Literature.
PG  - 80-85
LID - 10.1177/19418744211002978 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe 
      but treatable disease that presents with symptoms similar to neuroleptic 
      malignant syndrome (NMS). CASE REPORT: We describe a 28-year old female who 
      initially presented with headaches, behavioral changes, anxiety, lip tremors, and 
      rigidity of extremities. She was prescribed with olanzapine and later manifested 
      with neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms such as decrease in sensorium, 
      muscle rigidity, hyperthermia and tachycardia. Further investigation showed 
      presence of bilateral ovarian teratoma and anti-NMDAR antibodies in her serum and 
      cerebrospinal fluid. Symptoms resolved after intravenous high-dose 
      methylprednisolone, bilateral oophoro-cystectomy, and intravenous immunoglobulin 
      administration. Overlapping pathological mechanisms of anti- NMDAR encephalitis 
      and NMS were discussed. Ten patients with anti- NMDAR encephalitis and NMS were 
      noted in a review of literature. Prognosis was favorable and intervention ranged 
      from supportive to methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin 
      administration, plasma exchange and teratoma resection. CONCLUSION: Anti- NMDAR 
      encephalitis patients are at risk for NMS due to antipsychotic intolerance and 
      other interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms. The overlap between the signs 
      and symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and NMS poses a diagnostic dilemma and 
      warrants a careful investigation and management.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2021.
FAU - Sarmiento, Robert Joseph C
AU  - Sarmiento RJC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7708-1804
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, 
      University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Diestro, Jose Danilo B
AU  - Diestro JDB
AD  - Departement de radiologie, radio-oncologie et medecine nucleaire, Centre 
      Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, 
      Canada.
FAU - Antonio, Athena Kate D
AU  - Antonio AKD
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, 
      University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Prado, Mario B
AU  - Prado MB
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, 
      University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Adiao, Karen Joy B
AU  - Adiao KJB
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, 
      University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Dioquino-Maligaso, Carissa Paz
AU  - Dioquino-Maligaso CP
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, 
      University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
AD  - National Poison Management and Control Center, University of the Philippines, 
      Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20210319
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurohospitalist
JT  - The Neurohospitalist
JID - 101558199
PMC - PMC8689546
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
OT  - encephalitis
OT  - neuroleptic malignant syndrome
COIS- Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential 
      conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or 
      publication of this article.
EDAT- 2021/12/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/25 06:01
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2021/12/24 05:49
PHST- 2021/12/24 05:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_19418744211002978 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/19418744211002978 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurohospitalist. 2022 Jan;12(1):80-85. doi: 10.1177/19418744211002978. Epub 2021 
      Mar 19.