PMID- 34954833
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220331
LR  - 20220401
IS  - 1469-8137 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-646X (Linking)
VI  - 233
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Mar
TI  - Characterisation of rapid alkalinisation factors in Physcomitrium patens reveals 
      functional conservation in tip growth.
PG  - 2442-2457
LID - 10.1111/nph.17942 [doi]
AB  - Small signalling peptides are key molecules for cell-to-cell communications in 
      plants. The cysteine-rich signalling peptide, rapid alkalinisation factors 
      (RALFs) family are involved in diverse developmental and stress responses and 
      have expanded considerably during land plant evolution, implying 
      neofunctionalisations in the RALF family. However, the ancestral roles of RALFs 
      when land plant first acquired them remain unknown. Here, we functionally 
      characterised two of the three RALFs in bryophyte Physcomitrium patens using 
      loss-of-function mutants, overexpressors, as well as fluorescent proteins tagged 
      reporter lines. We showed that PpRALF1 and PpRALF2 have overlapping functions in 
      promoting protonema tip growth and elongation, showing a homologous function as 
      the Arabidopsis RALF1 in promoting root hair tip growth. Although both PpRALFs 
      are secreted to the plasma membrane on which PpRALF1 symmetrically localised, 
      PpRALF2 showed a polarised localisation at the growing tip. Notably, proteolytic 
      cleavage of PpRALF1 is necessary for its function. Our data reveal a possible 
      evolutionary origin of the RALF functions and suggest that functional divergence 
      of RALFs is essential to drive complex morphogenesis and to facilitate other 
      novel processes in land plants.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors. New Phytologist (c) 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.
FAU - Ginanjar, Eggie Febrianto
AU  - Ginanjar EF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3560-0367
AD  - Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
FAU - Teh, Ooi-Kock
AU  - Teh OK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6800-2748
AD  - Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
AD  - Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaihdo University, Sapporo, 
      060-0817, Japan.
AD  - Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2, Academia 
      Rd, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
FAU - Fujita, Tomomichi
AU  - Fujita T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1434-8705
AD  - Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220115
PL  - England
TA  - New Phytol
JT  - The New phytologist
JID - 9882884
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Bryopsida/metabolism
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plants/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Physcomitrium patens
OT  - bryophytes
OT  - rapid alkalinisation factors (RALFs)
OT  - reverse genetics
OT  - signalling peptides
OT  - tip growth
EDAT- 2021/12/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/01 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/26 21:02
PHST- 2021/08/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/26 21:02 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/nph.17942 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - New Phytol. 2022 Mar;233(6):2442-2457. doi: 10.1111/nph.17942. Epub 2022 Jan 15.