PMID- 34963586
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220208
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 813
DP  - 2022 Mar 20
TI  - Content of toxic components of cigarette, cigarette smoke vs cigarette butts: A 
      comprehensive systematic review.
PG  - 152667
LID - S0048-9697(21)07745-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152667 [doi]
AB  - The commercially sold cigarettes contain more than 7000 chemicals, and their 
      combustion produces potential toxicants in mainstream smoke (MS), sidestream 
      smoke (SS), secondhand smoke (SHS), thirdhand smoke (THS), and discarded 
      cigarette butts (CBs). We conducted a systematic review of published literature 
      to compare the toxicants produced in each of these phases of tobacco combustion 
      (MS, SS, and CBs). The initial search included 12,301 articles, but after 
      screening and final restrictions considering the aims of this review, 159 
      published studies were selected for inclusion. Additionally, SHS and THS are 
      briefly discussed here. Overall, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 
      other aromatic hydrocarbons have been represented in more studies than other 
      compounds. However, metals and nitrosamines were detected in higher 
      concentrations than other components in SS. The concentrations of most PAHs and 
      other aromatic hydrocarbons in MS and SS are higher compared to concentrations 
      found in CBs. Also, the concentrations of all the studied carbonyl compounds, 
      aldehydes and ketones in SS and MS were higher than in CBs. The mean levels of 
      alcohols and phenols in SS were higher than those reported for both MS and CBs. 
      Tobacco toxicants are inhaled by smokers and transmitted to the environment 
      through SS, SHS, THS, and discarded CBs. However, further studies are necessary 
      to assess adverse effects of toxicants found in CBs and THS not only on human 
      health, but also on the environment and ecosystems. The results of this review 
      provide updated information on the chemical contents of MS, SS, SHS, THS, and 
      CBs. It adds to the growing understanding that smoking creates major health 
      problems for smokers and passive smokers, but also that it generates 
      environmental hazards with consequences to the ecosystems and human health 
      through discarded CBs, SHS, and THS exposure.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Soleimani, Farshid
AU  - Soleimani F
AD  - Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf 
      Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, 
      Bushehr, Iran.
FAU - Dobaradaran, Sina
AU  - Dobaradaran S
AD  - Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf 
      Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, 
      Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health 
      and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; 
      Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research 
      (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universit atsstr. 5, 
      Essen, Germany. Electronic address: s.dobaradaran@bpums.ac.ir.
FAU - De-la-Torre, Gabriel E
AU  - De-la-Torre GE
AD  - Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Av. La Fontana 501, Lima 12 Lima, Peru.
FAU - Schmidt, Torsten C
AU  - Schmidt TC
AD  - Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research 
      (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universit atsstr. 5, 
      Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of 
      Duisburg-Essen, Universitatsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
FAU - Saeedi, Reza
AU  - Saeedi R
AD  - Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical 
      Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of 
      Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 
      Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20211225
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Smoke)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Humans
MH  - Smoke/adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Smoking
MH  - Nicotiana
MH  - *Tobacco Products
MH  - *Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cigarette butts
OT  - Mainstream smoke
OT  - Secondhand smoke
OT  - Sidestream smoke
OT  - Thirdhand smoke
OT  - Tobacco toxicants
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/12/30 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/09 06:00
CRDT- 2021/12/29 05:29
PHST- 2021/10/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/12/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/29 05:29 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(21)07745-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152667 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 20;813:152667. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152667. 
      Epub 2021 Dec 25.