PMID- 34975868
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220214
LR  - 20220214
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive 
      Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination.
PG  - 779747
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747 [doi]
LID - 779747
AB  - This study was initiated to better understand the nature of innate immune 
      responses and the relatively weak and delayed immune response against porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Following modified live 
      virus (MLV) vaccination or infection with two PRRSV-2 strains, we analyzed the 
      transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected before and at three 
      and seven days after vaccination or infection. We used blood transcriptional 
      modules (BTMs)-based gene set enrichment analyses. BTMs related to innate immune 
      processes were upregulated by PRRSV-2 strains but downregulated by MLV. In 
      contrast, BTMs related to adaptive immune responses, in particular T cells and 
      cell cycle, were downregulated by PRRSV-2 but upregulated by MLV. In addition, we 
      found differences between the PRRSV strains. Only the more virulent strain 
      induced a strong platelet activation, dendritic cell activation, interferon type 
      I and plasma cell responses. We also calculated the correlations of BTM with the 
      neutralizing antibody and the T-cell responses. Early downregulation (day 0-3) of 
      dendritic cell and B-cell BTM correlated to both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. 
      Furthermore, a late (day 3-7) upregulation of interferon type I modules strongly 
      correlated to helper and regulatory T-cell responses, while inflammatory BTM 
      upregulation correlated more to CD8 T-cell responses. BTM related to T cells had 
      positive correlations at three days but negative associations at seven days 
      post-infection. Taken together, this work contributes to resolve the complexity 
      of the innate and adaptive immune responses against PRRSV and indicates a 
      fundamentally different immune response to the less immunogenic MLV compared to 
      field strains which induced robust adaptive immune responses. The identified 
      correlates of T-cell responses will facilitate a rational approach to improve the 
      immunogenicity of MLV.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Bocard, Kick, Hug, Lischer, Kaser and Summerfield.
FAU - Bocard, Loic Vivien
AU  - Bocard LV
AD  - Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhausern, Switzerland.
FAU - Kick, Andrew Robert
AU  - Kick AR
AD  - Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
AD  - Department of Chemistry & Life Science, United States Military Academy, West 
      Point, NY, United States.
FAU - Hug, Corinne
AU  - Hug C
AD  - Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhausern, Switzerland.
FAU - Lischer, Heidi Erika Lisa
AU  - Lischer HEL
AD  - Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
AD  - Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Kaser, Tobias
AU  - Kaser T
AD  - Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
FAU - Summerfield, Artur
AU  - Summerfield A
AD  - Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhausern, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University 
      of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211216
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Interferon Type I)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/immunology
MH  - Immunogenicity, Vaccine
MH  - Interferon Type I/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*immunology/prevention & 
      control/virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology
MH  - Signal Transduction/genetics/immunology
MH  - Swine
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology/metabolism
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation/immunology
MH  - Vaccination/methods
MH  - Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology
PMC - PMC8716554
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus)
OT  - T-cell responses
OT  - innate response
OT  - systems immunology
OT  - transcriptomics
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/15 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2022/01/03 05:38
PHST- 2021/09/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/03 05:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 16;12:779747. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747. eCollection 
      2021.