PMID- 34976523
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220104
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Nov
TI  - Risk of Hepatobiliary-Gastrointestinal Malignancies and Appropriate Cancer 
      Surveillance in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
PG  - e19922
LID - 10.7759/cureus.19922 [doi]
LID - e19922
AB  - Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at risk of hepatobiliary 
      and gastrointestinal cancers. Increased risk of cancer is a result of the 
      chronic, progressive fibro-inflammatory state which ultimately results in the 
      destruction of biliary ducts. PSC is often associated with inflammatory bowel 
      disease (IBD). Patients with PSC are at significant risk of cholangiocarcinoma 
      (CCA), gall bladder malignancy and those with IBD are at increased risk of 
      colorectal cancer. It is important to implement cancer surveillance protocols in 
      these patients. The aim of these protocols is the prevention or early detection 
      of cancerous or pre-cancerous lesions. Given that PSC is rare, large prospective 
      studies evaluating the risk of malignancy in these patients are not available. A 
      great deal of uncertainty exists regarding how to best implement cancer 
      surveillance in these patients. About 50% of deaths in PSC patients are due to 
      malignancy and many patients eventually progress to end-stage liver disease and 
      succumb to hepatic failure. In this review, we cover cancer surveillance 
      strategies in PSC patients based on existing literature and expert opinions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021, Yadlapati et al.
FAU - Yadlapati, Sujani
AU  - Yadlapati S
AD  - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, USA.
FAU - Judge, Thomas A
AU  - Judge TA
AD  - Gastroenterology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211126
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC8712253
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cancer surveillance
OT  - cholangiocarcinoma
OT  - hepatobiliary tumours
OT  - ibd associated cancer
OT  - primary sclerosing cholangitis
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/04 06:01
PMCR- 2021/11/26
CRDT- 2022/01/03 05:44
PHST- 2021/11/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/03 05:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.19922 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2021 Nov 26;13(11):e19922. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19922. eCollection 2021 
      Nov.