PMID- 34990730 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220316 LR - 20220316 IS - 1872-9754 (Electronic) IS - 0197-0186 (Linking) VI - 153 DP - 2022 Feb TI - MDMA related neuro-inflammation and adenosine receptors. PG - 105275 LID - S0197-0186(21)00321-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105275 [doi] AB - 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a world-wide abused psychostimulant, which has the neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in both rodents and non-human primates. Adenosine acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain through the activation of four specific G-protein-coupled receptors and it acts as a neuromodulator of dopamine neurotransmission. Recent studies suggest that stimulation of adenosine receptors oppose many behavioral effects of methamphetamines. This review summarizes the specific cellular mechanisms involved in MDMA neuroinflammatory effects, along with the protective effects of adenosine receptors. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kermanian, Fatemeh AU - Kermanian F AD - Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. FAU - Seghatoleslam, Masoumeh AU - Seghatoleslam M AD - Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. FAU - Mahakizadeh, Simin AU - Mahakizadeh S AD - Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Electronic address: s.mahakizadeh@abzums.ac.ir. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220103 PL - England TA - Neurochem Int JT - Neurochemistry international JID - 8006959 RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Receptors, Purinergic P1) RN - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Brain MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology MH - Dopamine/pharmacology MH - Inflammation/chemically induced MH - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/toxicity MH - Receptors, Purinergic P1 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adenosine receptors OT - Ecstasy OT - MDMA OT - Neuroinflammation EDAT- 2022/01/07 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/17 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/06 20:14 PHST- 2021/08/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/12/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/06 20:14 [entrez] AID - S0197-0186(21)00321-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105275 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neurochem Int. 2022 Feb;153:105275. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105275. Epub 2022 Jan 3.