PMID- 34991585
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220328
LR  - 20231105
IS  - 1472-6823 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-6823 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan 7
TI  - The many faces of diabetes. Is there a need for re-classification? A narrative 
      review.
PG  - 9
LID - 10.1186/s12902-021-00927-y [doi]
LID - 9
AB  - The alarming rise in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached epidemic portions. Diabetes in its many 
      forms and T2DM have different physiological backgrounds and are difficult to 
      classify. Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered the most effective treatment for 
      obesity in terms of weight loss and comorbidity resolution, improves diabetes, 
      and has been proven superior to medical management for the treatment of diabetes. 
      The term metabolic surgery (MS) describes bariatric surgical procedures used 
      primarily to treat T2DM and related metabolic conditions. MS is the most 
      effective means of obtaining substantial and durable weight loss in individuals 
      with obesity. Originally, BS was used as an alternative weight-loss therapy for 
      patients with severe obesity, but clinical data revealed its metabolic benefits 
      in patients with T2DM. MS is more effective than lifestyle or medical management 
      in achieving glycaemic control, sustained weight loss, and reducing diabetes 
      comorbidities. New guidelines for T2DM expand the use of MS to patients with a 
      lower body mass index.Evidence has shown that endocrine changes resulting from BS 
      translate into metabolic benefits that improve the comorbid conditions associated 
      with obesity, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and T2DM. Other changes include 
      bacterial flora rearrangement, bile acids secretion, and adipose tissue 
      effect.This review aims to examine the physiological mechanisms in diabetes, 
      risks for complications, the effects of bariatric and metabolic surgery and will 
      shed light on whether diabetes should be reclassified.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Sakran, Nasser
AU  - Sakran N
AD  - Department of Surgery, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.
AD  - the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
FAU - Graham, Yitka
AU  - Graham Y
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, 
      UK.
AD  - Facultad de Psycologia, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
FAU - Pintar, Tadeja
AU  - Pintar T
AD  - Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloska 
      cesta, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
FAU - Yang, Wah
AU  - Yang W
AD  - Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of 
      Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
FAU - Kassir, Radwan
AU  - Kassir R
AD  - CHU Felix Guyon, Allee des Topazes, Saint-Denis, France.
FAU - Willigendael, Edith M
AU  - Willigendael EM
AD  - Department of Vascular Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Singhal, Rishi
AU  - Singhal R
AD  - Bariatric and Upper GI Unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital 
      Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
FAU - Kooreman, Zoe E
AU  - Kooreman ZE
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
FAU - Ramnarain, Dharmanand
AU  - Ramnarain D
AD  - Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, 
      The Netherlands.
FAU - Mahawar, Kamal
AU  - Mahawar K
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, 
      UK.
AD  - Bariatric Unit, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, 
      UK.
FAU - Parmar, Chetan
AU  - Parmar C
AD  - Department of Surgery, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
FAU - Madhok, Brijesh
AU  - Madhok B
AD  - East Midlands Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, University Hospital of Derby and 
      Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton, UK.
FAU - Pouwels, Sjaak
AU  - Pouwels S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6390-7692
AD  - Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, 
      The Netherlands. sjaakpwls@gmail.com.
AD  - Department of Intensive Care Medicine, ETZ Elisabeth, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, P.O. 
      Box 90151, 5000 LC, Tilburg, The Netherlands. sjaakpwls@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220107
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Endocr Disord
JT  - BMC endocrine disorders
JID - 101088676
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bariatric Surgery
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Diabetes Complications
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/classification/*physiopathology/*surgery
MH  - Humans
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC8740476
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antidiabetic drugs
OT  - Bariatric surgery
OT  - Classification
OT  - Diabetes mellitus
OT  - Gastrointestinal hormones
OT  - Metabolic surgery
COIS- None.
EDAT- 2022/01/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/29 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/07
CRDT- 2022/01/07 05:44
PHST- 2021/07/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/07 05:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12902-021-00927-y [pii]
AID - 927 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12902-021-00927-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Endocr Disord. 2022 Jan 7;22(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12902-021-00927-y.