PMID- 35002979
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220217
LR  - 20220217
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular 
      Disease: Causing Factors, Molecular Links, and Treatment Options.
PG  - 808526
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2021.808526 [doi]
LID - 808526
AB  - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, 
      which will affect more than a million people by the year 2025. However, current 
      treatment options have limited benefits. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 
      is the fastest growing factor that causes HCC in western countries, including the 
      United States. In addition, NAFLD co-morbidities including obesity, type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) promote HCC 
      development. Alteration of metabolites and inflammation in the tumor 
      microenvironment plays a pivotal role in HCC progression. However, the underlying 
      molecular mechanisms are still not totally clear. Herein, in this review, we 
      explored the latest molecules that are involved in obesity, T2DM, and 
      CVDs-mediated progression of HCC, as they share some common pathologic features. 
      Meanwhile, several therapeutic options by targeting these key factors and 
      molecules were discussed for HCC treatment. Overall, obesity, T2DM, and CVDs as 
      chronic metabolic disease factors are tightly implicated in the development of 
      HCC and its progression. Molecules and factors involved in these NAFLD 
      comorbidities are potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Zhang, Liu and Yang.
FAU - Zhang, Chunye
AU  - Zhang C
AD  - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 
      United States.
FAU - Liu, Shuai
AU  - Liu S
AD  - The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Yang, Ming
AU  - Yang M
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211223
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
RN  - 0 (Biological Products)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Products/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics/*metabolism/therapy
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics/*metabolism/therapy
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/*metabolism/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/therapy
MH  - Obesity/genetics/*metabolism/therapy
MH  - Risk Reduction Behavior
MH  - Tumor Microenvironment/physiology
PMC - PMC8733382
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cardiovascular diseases
OT  - hepatocellular carcinoma
OT  - nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
OT  - obesity
OT  - signaling pathway
OT  - treatment
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/01/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/19 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2022/01/10 09:10
PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/10 09:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2021.808526 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Dec 23;12:808526. doi: 
      10.3389/fendo.2021.808526. eCollection 2021.