PMID- 35006903 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220408 LR - 20220408 IS - 2576-6422 (Electronic) IS - 2576-6422 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 8 DP - 2021 Aug 16 TI - Facile Multistep Synthesis of ZnO-Coated beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm Upconversion Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants. PG - 6125-6136 LID - 10.1021/acsabm.1c00473 [doi] AB - Antibacterial treatment strategies using functional nanomaterials, such as photodynamic therapy, are urgently required to combat persistent Staphylococcus aureus small colony variant (SCV) bacteria. Using a stepwise approach involving thermolysis to form beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and surface ligand exchange with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), followed by zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) coating and conversion to zinc oxide (ZnO), beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized. The direct synthesis of beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm@ZIF-8 UCNPs proved problematic due to the hydrophobic nature of the as-synthesized material, which was shown by zeta potential measurements using dynamic light scattering (DLS). To facilitate deposition of a ZnO coating, the zeta potentials of (i) as-synthesized UCNPs, (ii) calcined UCNPs, (iii) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and (iv) CTAB-coated UCNPs were measured, which revealed the CTAB-coated UCNPs to be the most hydrophilic and the better-dispersed form in water. beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm@ZIF-8 composites formed using the CTAB-coated UCNPs were then converted into beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm@ZnO nanoparticles by calcination under carefully controlled conditions. Photoluminescence analysis confirmed the upconversion process for the UCNP core, which allows the beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm@ZnO nanoparticles to photogenerate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when activated by near-infrared (NIR) radiation. The NIR-activated UCNPs@ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated potent efficacy against both Staphylococcus aureus (WCH-SK2) and its associated SCV form (0.67 and 0.76 log colony forming unit (CFU) reduction, respectively), which was attributed to ROS generated from the NIR activated beta-NaYF(4):Yb/Tm@ZnO nanoparticles. FAU - Karami, Afshin AU - Karami A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8881-4468 AD - School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. FAU - Farivar, Farzaneh AU - Farivar F AD - School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. FAU - de Prinse, Thomas J AU - de Prinse TJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4567-299X AD - Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. FAU - Rabiee, Hesamoddin AU - Rabiee H AD - Advanced Water Management Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. FAU - Kidd, Stephen AU - Kidd S AD - Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. FAU - Sumby, Christopher J AU - Sumby CJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9713-9599 AD - Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. FAU - Bi, Jingxiu AU - Bi J AD - School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210723 PL - United States TA - ACS Appl Bio Mater JT - ACS applied bio materials JID - 101729147 RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 1318-02-1 (Zeolites) RN - SOI2LOH54Z (Zinc Oxide) RN - Z7FF1XKL7A (Cetrimonium) SB - IM MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology MH - Cetrimonium MH - *Nanoparticles/therapeutic use MH - *Photochemotherapy MH - Reactive Oxygen Species MH - Staphylococcus aureus MH - *Zeolites MH - *Zinc Oxide/pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - CTAB OT - Staphylococcus aureus OT - ZIF-8 OT - antibacterial OT - antimicrobial photodynamic therapy OT - small colony variants OT - upconversion nanomaterial EDAT- 2022/01/11 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/09 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/10 17:13 PHST- 2022/01/10 17:13 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/09 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/acsabm.1c00473 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 Aug 16;4(8):6125-6136. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00473. Epub 2021 Jul 23.