PMID- 35010914
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220125
LR  - 20220125
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Dec 23
TI  - The Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes, Differentiation of Self, and Emotional 
      Distress: Jews and Arabs in Israel.
LID - 10.3390/nu14010039 [doi]
LID - 39
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a global epidemic, and is 
      constantly on the rise. In Israel, the percentage of diabetics in the Arab 
      population is twice that found in the Jewish population (12% and 6.2%, 
      respectively). Findings suggest that low differentiation of self (DoS: emotional 
      reactivity+ fusion with others, I-position, emotional cutoff) may raise 
      vulnerability to certain physiological pathologies by increasing susceptibility 
      to psychological distress. The major goal of this study was to test differences 
      in DoS and emotional distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms) between diabetic 
      and healthy participants. The second aim was to examine cultural differences 
      within these metrics. Another purpose was to examine the relationship between DoS 
      and emotional distress among healthy and diabetic participants. The sample 
      included 261 participants, of whom 154 were healthy and 107 were diabetic. 
      Diabetics reported more severe depressive symptoms, higher levels of anxiety and 
      emotional cutoff and lower levels of I-position than healthy individuals. The 
      groups did not differ in their levels of emotional reactivity + fusion with 
      others. Arabs demonstrated higher levels of emotional cutoff, anxiety and 
      depressive symptoms and lower levels of I-position than Jews. However, Arabs and 
      Jews did not differ in their levels of emotional reactivity + fusion with others. 
      Emotional reactivity + fusion with others contributed the most to diabetes among 
      Arabs, while depressive symptoms contributed the most among Jews. Finally, among 
      Jewish participants, age was positively correlated with emotional cutoff and 
      depressive symptoms. Emotional cutoff was positively correlated with anxiety and 
      depressive symptoms. Emotional reactivity + fusion with others was positively 
      correlated with anxiety. Among Arab participants, age was positively correlated 
      with emotional cutoff, anxiety and depressive symptoms. I-position was negatively 
      correlated with all study variables. Emotional cutoff was positively correlated, 
      anxiety and depressive symptoms. Emotional reactivity + fusion with others was 
      positively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
FAU - Peleg, Ora
AU  - Peleg O
AD  - Education and School Counseling Departments, Max Stern, Yezreel Valley College, 
      Afula 1930600, Israel.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211223
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Anxiety/epidemiology
MH  - Arabs/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Depression/epidemiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Emotions
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Israel/epidemiology
MH  - Jews/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - *Psychological Distress
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
PMC - PMC8746554
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Arabs
OT  - Jews
OT  - T2DM
OT  - differentiation of self
OT  - ethnic differences
COIS- The author has no conflicts of interest to declare. The author has seen and agree 
      with the contents of the manuscript and there is no financial interest to report. 
      The author certifies that the submission is original work and is not under review 
      at any other publication.
EDAT- 2022/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/23
CRDT- 2022/01/11 01:12
PHST- 2021/11/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/11 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu14010039 [pii]
AID - nutrients-14-00039 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu14010039 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2021 Dec 23;14(1):39. doi: 10.3390/nu14010039.