PMID- 35012227
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220113
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan 5
TI  - Odor and Constituent Odorants of HDPE-Lignin Blends of Different Lignin Origin.
LID - 10.3390/polym14010206 [doi]
LID - 206
AB  - The still-rising global demand for plastics warrants the substitution of 
      non-renewable mineral oil-based resources with natural products as a decisive 
      step towards sustainability. Lignin is one of the most abundant natural polymers 
      and represents an ideal but hitherto highly underutilized raw material to replace 
      petroleum-based resources. In particular, the use of lignin composites, 
      especially polyolefin-lignin blends, is currently on the rise. In addition to 
      specific mechanical property requirements, a challenge of implementing these 
      alternative polymers is their heavy odor load. This is especially relevant for 
      lignin, which exhibits an intrinsic odor that limits its use as an ingredient in 
      blends intended for high quality applications. The present study addressed this 
      issue by undertaking a systematic evaluation of the odor properties and 
      constituent odorants of commercially available lignins and related high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE) blends. The potent odors of the investigated samples could be 
      attributed to the presence of 71 individual odorous constituents that originated 
      primarily from the structurally complex lignin. The majority of them was 
      assignable to six main substance classes: carboxylic acids, aldehydes, phenols, 
      furan compounds, alkylated 2-cyclopenten-1-ones, and sulfur compounds. The odors 
      were strongly related to both the lignin raw materials and the different 
      processes of their extraction, while the production of the blends had a lower but 
      also significant influence. Especially the investigated soda lignin with hay- and 
      honey-like odors was highly different in its odorant composition compared to 
      lignins resulting from the sulfurous kraft process predominantly characterized by 
      smoky and burnt odors. These observations highlight the importance of sufficient 
      purification of the lignin raw material and the need for odor abatement 
      procedures during the compounding process. The molecular elucidation of the 
      odorants causing the strong odor represents an important procedure to develop 
      odor reduction strategies.
FAU - Lok, Bianca
AU  - Lok B
AD  - Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser 
      Strasse 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
AD  - Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 
      Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Henkestrasse 9, 91054 Erlangen, 
      Germany.
FAU - Mueller, Gunnar
AU  - Mueller G
AD  - Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 
      Potsdam, Germany.
FAU - Ganster, Johannes
AU  - Ganster J
AD  - Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 
      Potsdam, Germany.
FAU - Erdmann, Jens
AU  - Erdmann J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2343-2458
AD  - Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 
      Potsdam, Germany.
FAU - Buettner, Andrea
AU  - Buettner A
AD  - Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser 
      Strasse 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
AD  - Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 
      Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Henkestrasse 9, 91054 Erlangen, 
      Germany.
FAU - Denk, Philipp
AU  - Denk P
AD  - Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser 
      Strasse 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220105
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC8747089
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biomaterials
OT  - eco-design
OT  - gas chromatography
OT  - olfactometry
OT  - plastics
OT  - polyolefin
OT  - smell
OT  - sustainability
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/12 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/05
CRDT- 2022/01/11 01:17
PHST- 2021/11/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/11 01:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/12 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym14010206 [pii]
AID - polymers-14-00206 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym14010206 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jan 5;14(1):206. doi: 10.3390/polym14010206.