PMID- 35021119
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220124
LR  - 20220124
IS  - 1618-0623 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-5013 (Linking)
VI  - 256
DP  - 2022 Mar
TI  - An overview on mastitis-associated Escherichia coli: Pathogenicity, host immunity 
      and the use of alternative therapies.
PG  - 126960
LID - S0944-5013(21)00267-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126960 [doi]
AB  - Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of bovine mastitis; it can cause 
      sub-clinical, and clinical mastitis characterized by systemic changes, abnormal 
      appearance of milk, and udder inflammation. E. coli pathogenicity in the bovine 
      udder is due to the interaction between its virulence factors and the host 
      factors; it was also linked to the presence of a new pathotype termed mammary 
      pathogenic E. coli (MPEC). However, the presence of this pathotype is commonly 
      debated. Its main virulence factor is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is 
      responsible for causing an endotoxic shock, and inducing a strong immune response 
      by binding to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and stimulating the expression of 
      chemokines (such as IL-8, and RANTES) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as 
      IL-6, and IL-1beta). This strong immune response could be used to develop 
      alternative and safe approaches to control E. coli causing bovine mastitis by 
      targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines that can damage the host tissue. The need 
      for alternative treatments against E. coli is due to its ability to resist many 
      conventional antibiotics, which is a huge challenge for curing ill animals. 
      Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the pathogenicity of E. coli 
      in the mammary gland, discuss the presence of the new putative pathotype, the 
      mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) pathotype, study the host's immune response, 
      and the alternative treatments that are used against mastitis-associated E. coli.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zaatout, Nawel
AU  - Zaatout N
AD  - Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology and 
      Biochemistry, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria. Electronic address: 
      zaatout5@hotmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211230
PL  - Germany
TA  - Microbiol Res
JT  - Microbiological research
JID - 9437794
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle
MH  - *Complementary Therapies
MH  - Escherichia coli
MH  - *Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mastitis/therapy/veterinary
MH  - Virulence
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alternative treatment
OT  - Bovine mastitis
OT  - Escherichia coli
OT  - Immune response
OT  - MPEC
EDAT- 2022/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00
CRDT- 2022/01/12 20:08
PHST- 2021/10/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/12 20:08 [entrez]
AID - S0944-5013(21)00267-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126960 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microbiol Res. 2022 Mar;256:126960. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126960. Epub 2021 
      Dec 30.