PMID- 35030228
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220221
LR  - 20220221
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022
TI  - Comparison of insulin sensitivity between healthy neonatal foals and horses using 
      minimal model analysis.
PG  - e0262584
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0262584 [doi]
LID - e0262584
AB  - The equine neonate is considered to have impaired glucose tolerance due to 
      delayed maturation of the pancreatic endocrine system. Few studies have 
      investigated insulin sensitivity in newborn foals using dynamic testing methods. 
      The objective of this study was to assess insulin sensitivity by comparing the 
      insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (I-FSIGTT) 
      between neonatal foals and adult horses. This study was performed on healthy 
      neonatal foals (n = 12), 24 to 60 hours of age, and horses (n = 8), 3 to 14 years 
      of age using dextrose (300 mg/kg IV) and insulin (0.02 IU/kg IV). Insulin 
      sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), glucose effectiveness 
      (Sg), and disposition index (DI) were calculated using minimal model analysis. 
      Proxy measurements were calculated using fasting insulin and glucose 
      concentrations. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis and 
      reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). SI was significantly higher in 
      foals (18.3 L.min-1. muIU-1 [13.4-28.4]) compared to horses (0.9 L.min-1. muIU-1 
      [0.5-1.1]); (p < 0.0001). DI was higher in foals (12 x 103 [8 x 103-14 x 103]) 
      compared to horses (4 x 102 [2 x 102-7 x 102]); (p < 0.0001). AIRg and Sg were 
      not different between foals and horses. The modified insulin to glucose ratio 
      (MIRG) was lower in foals (1.72 muIUinsulin2/10.L.mgglucose [1.43-2.68]) compared 
      to horses (3.91 muIU insulin2/10.L.mgglucose [2.57-7.89]); (p = 0.009). The 
      homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-BC%) was higher in 
      horses (78.4% [43-116]) compared to foals (23.2% [17.8-42.2]); (p = 0.0096). Our 
      results suggest that healthy neonatal foals are insulin sensitive in the first 
      days of life, which contradicts current literature regarding the equine neonate. 
      Newborn foals may be more insulin sensitive immediately after birth as an 
      evolutionary adaptation to conserve energy during the transition to extrauterine 
      life.
FAU - Kinsella, Hannah M
AU  - Kinsella HM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7809-6100
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
FAU - Hostnik, Laura D
AU  - Hostnik LD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5479-588X
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
FAU - Snyder, Hailey A
AU  - Snyder HA
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
FAU - Mazur, Sarah E
AU  - Mazur SE
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
FAU - Kamr, Ahmed M
AU  - Kamr AM
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
AD  - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
FAU - Burns, Teresa A
AU  - Burns TA
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
FAU - Mossbarger, John C
AU  - Mossbarger JC
AD  - Midland Acres Inc, Bloomingburg, Ohio, United States of America.
FAU - Toribio, Ramiro E
AU  - Toribio RE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9063-540X
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United 
      States of America.
LA  - eng
GR  - T35 OD010977/OD/NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220114
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn/*metabolism
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucose Tolerance Test/methods/veterinary
MH  - Horses/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Insulin/metabolism
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*genetics
MH  - Islets of Langerhans/physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Pancreas/metabolism
PMC - PMC8759699
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/22 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/14
CRDT- 2022/01/14 17:17
PHST- 2021/08/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/14 17:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-27168 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0262584 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2022 Jan 14;17(1):e0262584. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262584. 
      eCollection 2022.