PMID- 35030361
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220208
LR  - 20220208
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 211
DP  - 2022 Mar 1
TI  - Insight into phototransformation mechanism and toxicity evolution of novel and 
      legacy brominated flame retardants in water: A comparative analysis.
PG  - 118041
LID - S0043-1354(21)01199-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118041 [doi]
AB  - The novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have become widespread as a 
      consequence of the prohibition on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers 
      (PBDEs). However, the transformation mechanism and potential environmental risk 
      are largely unclear. In this study, we have explored the phototransformation 
      behavior of the most abundant NBFRs, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) 
      in water under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Meanwhile, the legacy 
      2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE155) with similar structure was 
      investigated contrastively. Results show that novel BTBPE is more persistent than 
      legacy BDE155, with nearly four times slower photodegradation rate constants 
      (0.0120 min(-1)and 0.0447 min(-1), respectively). 18 products are identified in 
      the phototransformation of BTBPE. Different from the only debrominated products 
      formed in legacy BDE155 transformation, the ether bond cleavage photoproducts 
      (e.g. bromophenols) are also identified in novel BTBPE transformation. 
      Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) confirms the phototransformation 
      mechanism is mainly via debromination accompanying with the breaking of ether 
      bond. Computational toxicity assessment implies that transformation products of 
      BTBPE still have the high kidney risks. Especially the bromophenols formed via 
      the ether bond cleavage could significantly increase the health effects on skin 
      irritation. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the photolytic 
      behavior and potential risks of novel NBFRs and other structurally similar 
      analogues.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cao, Ya
AU  - Cao Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of 
      Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
FAU - Gao, Yanpeng
AU  - Gao Y
AD  - Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, 
      Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of 
      Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: gaoyp2016@gdut.edu.cn.
FAU - Hu, Xinyi
AU  - Hu X
AD  - Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, 
      Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of 
      Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Zeng, Yanhong
AU  - Zeng Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of 
      Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
FAU - Luo, Xiaojun
AU  - Luo X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of 
      Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
FAU - Li, Guiying
AU  - Li G
AD  - Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, 
      Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of 
      Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - An, Taicheng
AU  - An T
AD  - Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, 
      Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of 
      Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Mai, Bixian
AU  - Mai B
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of 
      Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220104
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Flame Retardants/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/toxicity
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Brominated/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Water
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BTBPE
OT  - Compound-specific isotope analysis
OT  - Degradation mechanism
OT  - Novel brominated flame retardants
OT  - Phototransformation
EDAT- 2022/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/09 06:00
CRDT- 2022/01/14 20:09
PHST- 2021/08/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/14 20:09 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(21)01199-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118041 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2022 Mar 1;211:118041. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118041. Epub 2022 
      Jan 4.