PMID- 35036408
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220119
IS  - 2296-858X (Print)
IS  - 2296-858X (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-858X (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2021
TI  - Assessment of General Populations Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions Toward the 
      Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan.
PG  - 747819
LID - 10.3389/fmed.2021.747819 [doi]
LID - 747819
AB  - Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health threat and 
      caused a universal psychosocial impact on the general population. Therefore, the 
      knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAPs) of the general population are 
      critical for the development and effective implementation of standard operating 
      procedures (SOP) to contain the contagion and minimize the losses. Therefore, the 
      current study was conducted to understand and evaluate the KAPs of Pakistani 
      populations toward the COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was 
      carried out among participants from 1 May to 30 July 2020 in different areas of 
      Pakistan. The respondents of the study were the general population with age >/= 18 
      years. The poll URL was posted on several channels after a call for 
      participation. Other social media platforms such as WeChat, WhatsApp, Facebook, 
      Twitter, Instagram, Messenger, and LinkedIn were engaged to maximize general 
      population engagement. The questionnaire included details about sociodemographic, 
      knowledge about COVID-19, perceptions toward universal safety precautions of 
      COVID-19, and beliefs attitude toward the COVID-19. The obtained data were 
      exported into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and SPSS software version 21 for 
      windows. The descriptive statistics values were presented in frequencies and 
      percentages. Binary logistic regression, Chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA were 
      applied to analyze the participants' socio-demographic characteristics and 
      variables related to KAPs. P-value < 0.05 was recorded as significant. Results: A 
      total of 1,000 participants were invited of which 734 participated in this study. 
      The response rate was 73.4% (734/1,000). The gender, marital status, education, 
      and residence showed a significant association with the knowledge score. The 
      majority of the study participants were thinking that COVID-19 may be more 
      dangerous in elderly individuals 94.5% (n = 700), and individuals with chronic 
      diseases or severe complications 96.7% (n = 710) (p = 0.00). More than half of 
      the participants 52.5% (n = 385) showed their concern that either they or their 
      family members might get the infection. More than 98% (n = 703), (P-value = 0.00) 
      of the participants held that COVID-19 would be successfully controlled in 
      Pakistan by following the standard SOPs and government guidelines. Conclusion: 
      This study showed that the general population of Pakistan has good awareness and 
      reasonable attitudes and perceptions toward the full features of the COVID-19. 
      The current study suggests that mass-level effective health education programs 
      are necessary for developing countries to improve and limit the gap between KAP 
      toward COVID-19.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Khattak, Khan, Usman, Ali, Wu, Jahangir, Haleem, Muhammad, Rauf, 
      Saddique, Khan, Li, Wu and Ji.
FAU - Khattak, Saadullah
AU  - Khattak S
AD  - Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of 
      Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
FAU - Khan, Maqbool
AU  - Khan M
AD  - Sino-Pak Center for Artificial Intelligence, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, 
      Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan.
FAU - Usman, Tahir
AU  - Usman T
AD  - College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University 
      Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
FAU - Ali, Johar
AU  - Ali J
AD  - Vice-Chancellor in Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, Karak, Pakistan.
FAU - Wu, Dong-Xing
AU  - Wu DX
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of 
      Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Jahangir, Muhammad
AU  - Jahangir M
AD  - Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health, Central South University, Changsha, 
      China.
FAU - Haleem, Kashif
AU  - Haleem K
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
FAU - Muhammad, Pir
AU  - Muhammad P
AD  - Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life 
      Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
FAU - Rauf, Mohd Ahmar
AU  - Rauf MA
AD  - Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life 
      Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
AD  - Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 
      United States.
FAU - Saddique, Kamran
AU  - Saddique K
AD  - College of Communication, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Khan, Nazeer Hussain
AU  - Khan NH
AD  - Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of 
      Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
FAU - Li, Tao
AU  - Li T
AD  - Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of 
      Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
FAU - Wu, Dong-Dong
AU  - Wu DD
AD  - Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of 
      Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
AD  - School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
FAU - Ji, Xin-Ying
AU  - Ji XY
AD  - Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of 
      Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
AD  - Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic 
      Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211224
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Med (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in medicine
JID - 101648047
PMC - PMC8754052
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Pakistan
OT  - attitude
OT  - coronavirus disease 2019
OT  - knowledge
OT  - perceptions
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/01/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/18 06:01
PMCR- 2021/12/24
CRDT- 2022/01/17 06:05
PHST- 2021/07/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/17 06:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmed.2021.747819 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Dec 24;8:747819. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.747819. 
      eCollection 2021.