PMID- 35044652
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220330
LR  - 20240329
IS  - 1940-6029 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Print)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Linking)
VI  - 2413
DP  - 2022
TI  - Immunofluorescence-Based Method to Assess Cancer Biomarker in the Hypoxic Region 
      of the Tumor.
PG  - 37-43
LID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_5 [doi]
AB  - The development of novel imaging technologies allows the analysis of the 
      expression and spatial distribution of multiple markers simultaneously, providing 
      necessary information about a cellular identity and the surrounding 
      microenvironment. This chapter describes the utilization of immunofluorescence to 
      identify such biomarkers in fixed tissue from prostate cancer (PCa) xenografts. 
      One such marker detectable by immunofluorescence is pimonidazole, which has been 
      utilized to locate areas of low oxygen (hypoxia). Pimonidazole, in combination 
      with other biomarkers, could be utilized to identify "niches" in the 
      microenvironment harboring more aggressive cells both within and outside hypoxic 
      areas. Specifically, we describe the method to use pimonidazole for the 
      identification of hypoxic regions in PCa xenograft tumors along with CPT1A 
      (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A) expression, an indicator of beta-oxidation. This 
      approach could be useful to characterize various biomarkers in the complex 
      hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
CI  - (c) 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Rios-Colon, Leslimar
AU  - Rios-Colon L
AD  - Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 
      USA.
AD  - Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina 
      Central University, Durham, NC, USA.
FAU - Kim, Susy
AU  - Kim S
AD  - Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 
      USA.
FAU - Su, Yixin
AU  - Su Y
AD  - Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 
      USA.
FAU - Kumar, Deepak
AU  - Kumar D
AD  - Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina 
      Central University, Durham, NC, USA.
FAU - Deep, Gagan
AU  - Deep G
AD  - Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 
      USA. gdeep@wakehealth.edu.
AD  - Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. 
      gdeep@wakehealth.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 CA012197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MD012767/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U54 MD012392/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR001420/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Mol Biol
JT  - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JID - 9214969
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - 0 (Nitroimidazoles)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
MH  - Cell Hypoxia
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoxia
MH  - *Neoplasms
MH  - *Nitroimidazoles
MH  - Tumor Microenvironment
PMC - PMC9116888
MID - NIHMS1799877
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biomarker
OT  - Cancer
OT  - Hypoxia
OT  - Immunofluorescence
OT  - Pimonidazole
EDAT- 2022/01/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/31 06:00
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2022/01/19 12:34
PHST- 2022/01/19 12:34 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2413:37-43. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_5.