PMID- 35046841
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220121
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers and Hydration Outcomes at the Boston Marathon.
PG  - 813554
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.813554 [doi]
LID - 813554
AB  - The purpose of our field study was to investigate the effects of running the 
      Boston Marathon on acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers. We hypothesized that 
      biomarker values would be elevated immediately post-marathon but would resolve in 
      the 24-h post-marathon. Secondarily, we sought to identify sex differences 
      related to renal stress. Participants were 65 runners who completed the Boston 
      Marathon (46 +/- 9 years, 65.4 +/- 10.8 kg). Urine samples were collected at three 
      different time points (pre-marathon, post-marathon, and 24-h post-marathon). 
      Blood samples were collected post-marathon and 24-h post-marathon. Urine specific 
      gravity (USG) and AKI biomarkers were evaluated. Pre-marathon USG (1.012 +/- 0.007) 
      was significantly less than post-marathon (1.018 +/- 0.008) and 24-h post-marathon 
      (1.020 +/- 0.009; P < 0.001). Male USG (1.024 +/- 0.009) was significantly greater 
      24-h post-marathon than females (1.017 +/- 0.008; P = 0.019). Urinary neutrophil 
      gelatinase-associated lipocalin values were significantly greater over time (P < 
      0.001), and there was a main effect of sex with female urinary creatinine ((U)Cr) 
      greater than males at all three time points (P = 0.040). Post-marathon(U)Cr 
      (366.24 +/- 295.16 mg/dl) was significantly greater than pre-marathon (206.65 +/- 
      145.28.56 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and 24-h post-marathon was significantly lower than 
      other time-points (93.90 +/- 125.07 mg/dl; P < 0.001). Female(U)Cr values were 
      significantly greater than males 24-h post-marathon (P < 0.001). There was no 
      difference in serum cystatin C ((S)Cys) values post- or 24-h post-marathon (P = 
      0.178). Serum creatinine ((S)Cr) significantly decreased between post-marathon 
      and 24-h post-marathon, (P < 0.001). We can infer that the characteristics unique 
      to the Boston Marathon may have attributed to prolonged elevations in AKI 
      biomarkers. Sex differences were observed during the Boston Marathon warranting 
      further investigation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Atkins, Butts, Kelly, Troyanos, Laursen, Duckett, Emerson, 
      Rosa-Caldwell and McDermott.
FAU - Atkins, Whitley C
AU  - Atkins WC
AD  - Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professions, 
      University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
FAU - Butts, Cory L
AU  - Butts CL
AD  - Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, 
      United States.
FAU - Kelly, Melani R
AU  - Kelly MR
AD  - Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, 
      Omaha, NE, United States.
FAU - Troyanos, Chris
AU  - Troyanos C
AD  - Medical Coordinator for the Boston Marathon, Boston, MA, United States.
FAU - Laursen, R Mark
AU  - Laursen RM
AD  - Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, 
      MA, United States.
FAU - Duckett, Andrew
AU  - Duckett A
AD  - Athletic Training Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
FAU - Emerson, Dawn M
AU  - Emerson DM
AD  - University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Physical Therapy, 
      Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, Kansas City, KS, United States.
FAU - Rosa-Caldwell, Megan E
AU  - Rosa-Caldwell ME
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, MA, United States.
FAU - McDermott, Brendon P
AU  - McDermott BP
AD  - Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professions, 
      University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220103
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC8761943
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - dehydration
OT  - endurance sports
OT  - marathon-running
OT  - renal stress
OT  - sex-differences
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/01/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/21 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/03
CRDT- 2022/01/20 06:01
PHST- 2021/11/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/20 06:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.813554 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2022 Jan 3;12:813554. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.813554. eCollection 
      2021.