PMID- 35051485
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220311
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 819
DP  - 2022 May 1
TI  - Behaviour of 27 selected emerging contaminants in vertical flow constructed 
      wetlands as post-treatment for municipal wastewater.
PG  - 153234
LID - S0048-9697(22)00324-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153234 [doi]
AB  - Six substrates (i.e. sand enriched with activated or non-activated biochar or 
      zeolite in different ratios) were tested in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands 
      (VFCWs) planted with Phragmites australis and Iris pseudacorus for the removal of 
      27 emerging contaminants from municipal wastewater. The laboratory investigation 
      under controlled conditions (spiked constant concentrations in synthetic 
      wastewater) lasted 357 days and proved VFCWs being able to provide excellent 
      effluent quality in terms of both macro - and micropollutant elimination. Because 
      overall removal efficiencies exceeded 90% in most of the cases, significant 
      differences among the substrates were not detectable. For compounds with medium 
      elimination (i.e. AMPA) the type of substrate seemed to play a strong role and 
      the maximum amount of active ingredient adsorbed per amount of substrate has been 
      quantified (i.e. 0.77 mug of AMPA per g of 30% biochar mixed with sand). Three of 
      the most promising substrates from laboratory where thus selected to be tested 
      under real conditions (fluctuation in concentration, variable temperature). As 
      result, VFCWs with 15% activated biochar mixed with sand proved to be effective 
      in the removal of 18 emerging contaminants and complying with national discharge 
      standards for 4 selected compounds.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Venditti, Silvia
AU  - Venditti S
AD  - University of Luxembourg, Chair of Urban Water Management, 6, rue 
      Coudenhove-Kalergi, L-1359, Luxembourg. Electronic address: 
      silvia.venditti@uni.lu.
FAU - Brunhoferova, Hana
AU  - Brunhoferova H
AD  - University of Luxembourg, Chair of Urban Water Management, 6, rue 
      Coudenhove-Kalergi, L-1359, Luxembourg.
FAU - Hansen, Joachim
AU  - Hansen J
AD  - University of Luxembourg, Chair of Urban Water Management, 6, rue 
      Coudenhove-Kalergi, L-1359, Luxembourg.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220117
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 1318-02-1 (Zeolites)
SB  - IM
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid
MH  - *Wastewater/chemistry
MH  - Wetlands
MH  - *Zeolites
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Micropollutants
OT  - Municipal wastewater effluent
OT  - Post-treatment
OT  - Removal mechanisms
OT  - Vertical flow constructed wetlands
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/01/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/12 06:00
CRDT- 2022/01/20 20:15
PHST- 2021/11/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/20 20:15 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(22)00324-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153234 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 May 1;819:153234. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153234. 
      Epub 2022 Jan 17.