PMID- 35051753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220215
LR  - 20220215
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1665
DP  - 2022 Feb 22
TI  - Online coupling of bubbling extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 
      for rapid quantitative analysis of volatiles in beer.
PG  - 462800
LID - S0021-9673(21)00922-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462800 [doi]
AB  - Coexistence of matrices and analytes makes the analysis, determination, and 
      quantification of volatiles in beer a tedious process that is difficult to 
      conduct. Bubbling extraction, a newly established sample pretreatment method, 
      directly releases analytes from liquid phase to gas phase by bubble bursting. In 
      this study, we combined bubbling extraction with gas chromatography-mass 
      spectrometry (GC-MS) for direct molecular characterization as well as effective 
      qualitative and quantitative analysis of three types of fermented beers. This 
      method was found to have a high extraction efficiency (bubbling time of 
      30-300 s), short analysis time (< 30 min), and rational recovery rates 
      (85.6-97.3%) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10%. Thirteen 
      volatiles were extracted at a wide concentration range of 0.1-10,000 ng/g with 
      correlation coefficient (R(2)) > 0.990, while the limits of detection (LODs) and 
      limits of quantification (LOQs) were found in scope of 0.001-50 ng/g. Analytical 
      Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness 
      (AGREE) approaches proved that our proposed method has a good greenness. In 
      addition, Ale-type, Lambic, and Lager-type beer were successfully classified by 
      the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In 
      conclusion, bubbling extraction coupled with GC-MS has potential as a routine 
      analysis tool for identifying volatiles in alcoholic beverages.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - He, Lei
AU  - He L
AD  - College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, No.5 
      Jing'an Road, Jinjiang Distinct, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China.
FAU - Gao, Yuanji
AU  - Gao Y
AD  - College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, No.5 
      Jing'an Road, Jinjiang Distinct, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China; Department of 
      Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China. Electronic 
      address: yuanjijoy@163.com.
FAU - Zhao, Lijuan
AU  - Zhao L
AD  - College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, No.5 
      Jing'an Road, Jinjiang Distinct, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China. Electronic 
      address: lijuan_zhao@sicnu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220108
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
SB  - IM
MH  - *Beer/analysis
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Solid Phase Extraction
MH  - *Tandem Mass Spectrometry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Beer
OT  - Bubbling extraction
OT  - Carbon dioxide
OT  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/01/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/16 06:00
CRDT- 2022/01/20 20:23
PHST- 2021/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/20 20:23 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9673(21)00922-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462800 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2022 Feb 22;1665:462800. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462800. Epub 
      2022 Jan 8.