PMID- 35057797
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220328
LR  - 20220328
IS  - 1476-511X (Electronic)
IS  - 1476-511X (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan 20
TI  - High remnant cholesterol level is relevant to diabetic retinopathy in type 2 
      diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 12
LID - 10.1186/s12944-021-01621-7 [doi]
LID - 12
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary oculopathy causing blindness 
      in diabetic patients. Currently, there is increasing interest in the role of 
      lipids in the development of diabetic retinopathy, but it remains controversial. 
      Remnant cholesterol (RC) is an inexpensive and easily measurable lipid parameter; 
      however, the relationship between RC and DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 
      has not been elucidated. This research investigates the relevance between RC 
      levels and DR severity while building a risk prediction model about DR. METHODS: 
      In this single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study. Each hospitalised T2DM 
      patient had no oral lipid-lowering drugs in the past three months, and coronary 
      angiography showed epicardial coronary artery stenosis of less than 50% and 
      completed seven-field stereo photographs, fluorescein fundus angiography, and 
      optical coherence tomography detection. The RC value is calculated according to 
      the internationally recognised formula. Binary logistic regression was used to 
      correct confounding factors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) 
      analysis was used to identify risk factors and assess the nomogram's diagnostic 
      efficiency. RESULTS: A total of 456 T2DM patients were included in the study. The 
      RC levels in the DR team was higher [0.74 (0.60-1.12) mmo/l vs 0.54 (0.31-0.83) 
      mmol/l P < 0.001] in the non-DR team. After adjusting for confounding elements, 
      RC levels are still associated with DR risk (OR = 5.623 95%CI: 2.996-10.556 
      P < 0.001). The ratio of DR in every stage (except mild non-proliferative 
      diabetic retinopathy) and DME in the high RC level team were further increased 
      compared to the low-level team (all P < 0.001). After ROC analysis, the overall 
      risk of DR was predicted by a nomogram constructed for RC, diabetes duration, and 
      the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as 0.758 (95%CI 0.714-0.802 P < 0.001). 
      CONCLUSIONS: High RC levels may be a potential risk factor for diabetic 
      retinopathy, and the nomogram does better predict DR. Despite these essential 
      findings, the limitation of this study is that it is single-centred and small 
      sample size analysis.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Shan, Yongyan
AU  - Shan Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6594-1392
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wang, Qian
AU  - Wang Q
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Zhang, Yitong
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Tong, Xuewei
AU  - Tong X
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Pu, Shengdan
AU  - Pu S
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Xu, Yuxin
AU  - Xu Y
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Gao, Xinyuan
AU  - Gao X
AD  - Endocrinology department, The First Affiliated Hospital (FAH)for Harbin Medical 
      University(HMU), Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China. 
      m15124768260@163.com.
LA  - eng
GR  - grant number 2020 M27, China/the Fund of Scientific Research Innovation of the 
      First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20220120
PL  - England
TA  - Lipids Health Dis
JT  - Lipids in health and disease
JID - 101147696
RN  - 0 (Chylomicron Remnants)
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cholesterol/blood
MH  - Chylomicron Remnants/blood
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*complications
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/blood/*etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*complications
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - ROC Curve
MH  - Retrospective Studies
PMC - PMC8772129
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DME
OT  - Diabetic retinopathy
OT  - NLR
OT  - Nomogram
OT  - Remnant cholesterol
OT  - TyG-index
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors state unequivocally that there are no competing interests relating to 
      this research, authorship, and/or publication.
EDAT- 2022/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/29 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/20
CRDT- 2022/01/21 05:43
PHST- 2021/11/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/21 05:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12944-021-01621-7 [pii]
AID - 1621 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12944-021-01621-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Lipids Health Dis. 2022 Jan 20;21(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12944-021-01621-7.