PMID- 35071374 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220125 IS - 2297-1769 (Print) IS - 2297-1769 (Electronic) IS - 2297-1769 (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2021 TI - Influence of Heterologous and Homologous Vaccines, and Their Components, on the Host Immune Response and Protection Against Experimental Caprine Paratuberculosis. PG - 744568 LID - 10.3389/fvets.2021.744568 [doi] LID - 744568 AB - Vaccination against paratuberculosis, a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), has been considered as the most effective control method. However, protection is incomplete, and the mechanisms operating in the response of the animals to vaccination are not fully understood. Therefore, this study analyzed the immune response and the effects on protection against Map infection, elicited by paratuberculosis (Silirum(R)) and tuberculosis (heat-inactivated M. bovis [HIMB]) vaccines and their components in a caprine experimental model. Fifty goat kids were divided into 10 groups (n = 5) according to their vaccination (Silirum(R), HIMB and nonvaccinated), immunization (inactivated bacteria or adjuvant), and/or infection. Oral challenge with Map was performed 45 days postvaccination/immunization (dpv), and animals were euthanized at 190 dpv. Peripheral immune response and proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed monthly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Local immune response, proportion of tissue lymphocyte subpopulations, Map detection (polymerase chain reaction), and histological examination were conducted in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. All infected groups developed paratuberculosis granulomatous lesions despite vaccination or immunization. The Silirum(R) and HIMB-vaccinated groups showed a considerable lesion reduction consistent with a significant peripheral cellular and humoral immune response. Besides, a lower number of granulomas were observed in groups immunized with inactivated bacteria and adjuvants in comparison to nonvaccinated and infected group. However, despite not being significant, this reduction was even higher in adjuvant immunized groups, which developed milder granulomatous lesion with no detectable peripheral immune responses associated with immunization. No changes in the peripheral and local proportion of lymphocyte subsets or local immune response were detected in relation to either vaccination/immunization or infection. Despite that paratuberculosis and tuberculosis vaccination showed a partial and cross-protection against Map infection, respectively, only histological examination could assess the progression of infection in these animals. In addition, the pattern observed in the reduction of the lesions in adjuvant immunized groups suggests the possible involvement of a nonspecific immune response that reduces the development of granulomatous lesions. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Arteche-Villasol, Gutierrez-Exposito, Elguezabal, Sevilla, Vallejo, Espinosa, Ferreras, Benavides and Perez. FAU - Arteche-Villasol, Noive AU - Arteche-Villasol N AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. FAU - Gutierrez-Exposito, Daniel AU - Gutierrez-Exposito D AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. FAU - Elguezabal, Natalia AU - Elguezabal N AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Spain. FAU - Sevilla, Iker A AU - Sevilla IA AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Spain. FAU - Vallejo, Raquel AU - Vallejo R AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. FAU - Espinosa, Jose AU - Espinosa J AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. FAU - Ferreras, Maria Del Carmen AU - Ferreras MDC AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. FAU - Benavides, Julio AU - Benavides J AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. FAU - Perez, Valentin AU - Perez V AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-ULE), Leon, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220105 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Vet Sci JT - Frontiers in veterinary science JID - 101666658 PMC - PMC8767014 OTO - NOTNLM OT - HIMB OT - adjuvant OT - cross-protection OT - paratuberculosis OT - tuberculosis OT - vaccination COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/01/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/25 06:01 PMCR- 2021/01/01 CRDT- 2022/01/24 08:55 PHST- 2021/07/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/24 08:55 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/25 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fvets.2021.744568 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jan 5;8:744568. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.744568. eCollection 2021.