PMID- 35072281 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220505 LR - 20220505 IS - 1531-8249 (Electronic) IS - 0364-5134 (Linking) VI - 91 IP - 4 DP - 2022 Apr TI - Outcome of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Interleukin-7. PG - 496-505 LID - 10.1002/ana.26307 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Restoring anti-JC virus (JCV) immunity is the only treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Interleukin-7 is a cytokine that increases number and function of T cells. We analyzed a population of PML patients who received recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) to estimate survival and its determinants. METHODS: After exclusion of patients with missing data or receiving other immunotherapies, findings from 64 patients with proven PML who received rhIL-7 between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze variables associated with one-year survival. RESULTS: Underlying conditions were HIV/AIDS (n = 27, 42%), hematological malignancies (n = 16, 25%), primary immunodeficiencies (n = 13, 20%), solid organ transplantation (n = 4, 6%) and chronic inflammatory diseases (n = 4, 6%). One-year survival was 54.7% and did not differ by underlying condition. Survival was not associated with baseline characteristics, but with a >50% increase in blood lymphocytes (OR 4.1, 95%CI 1.2-14.9) and CD4(+) T cells (OR 5.9, 95%CI 1.7-23.3), and a > 1 log copies/mL decrease in cerebrospinal fluid JCV DNA (OR 7.6, 95%CI 1.6-56.1) during the first month after rhIL-7 initiation. Side effects were mainly local and flu-like symptoms (n = 8, 12.5%) and PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) (n = 5, 8%). INTERPRETATION: In this non-controlled retrospective study, survival did not differ from that expected in HIV/AIDS patients, but might have been improved in those with hematological malignancies, primary immunodeficiencies and transplant recipients. RhIL-7 might have contributed to the increase in blood lymphocytes and decrease in CSF JCV replication that were associated with better survival. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:496-505. CI - (c) 2022 American Neurological Association. FAU - Lajaunie, Rebecca AU - Lajaunie R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1570-9429 AD - Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. FAU - Mainardi, Ilaria AU - Mainardi I AD - Unit of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. FAU - Gasnault, Jacques AU - Gasnault J AD - Unit of Rehabilitation of Neuroviral Diseases, Bicetre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. AD - INSERM U1186, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France. FAU - Rousseau, Vanessa AU - Rousseau V AD - Service de Pharmacologie Medicale et Clinique, Unite MeDatAS-CIC, CIC 1436, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. FAU - Tarantino, Andrea G AU - Tarantino AG AD - Unit of Clinical Research, Manima Not-for-Profit Healthcare and Assistance, Milan, Italy. FAU - Sommet, Agnes AU - Sommet A AD - Service de Pharmacologie Medicale et Clinique, Unite MeDatAS-CIC, CIC 1436, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. FAU - Cinque, Paola AU - Cinque P AD - Unit of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. FAU - Martin-Blondel, Guillaume AU - Martin-Blondel G AD - Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. AD - Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051 - Universite Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. CN - PML study group LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220218 PL - United States TA - Ann Neurol JT - Annals of neurology JID - 7707449 RN - 0 (Interleukin-7) SB - IM MH - *HIV Infections MH - *Hematologic Neoplasms/complications MH - Humans MH - Interleukin-7/therapeutic use MH - *JC Virus/genetics MH - *Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/diagnosis/drug therapy MH - Retrospective Studies FIR - Debard, Alexa IR - Debard A FIR - Delobel, Pierre IR - Delobel P FIR - Pansu, Nathalie IR - Pansu N FIR - Gollion, Cedric IR - Gollion C FIR - Benaiteau, Marie IR - Benaiteau M FIR - Jacomet, Christine IR - Jacomet C FIR - Mele, Nicolas IR - Mele N FIR - Moulignier, Antoine IR - Moulignier A FIR - Suarez, Felipe IR - Suarez F FIR - Ruch, Yvon IR - Ruch Y FIR - Tranchant, Christine IR - Tranchant C FIR - Lemaignen, Adrien IR - Lemaignen A FIR - Langner-Lemercier, Sophie IR - Langner-Lemercier S FIR - Buzele, Rodolphe IR - Buzele R FIR - Guffroy, Aurelien IR - Guffroy A FIR - Molucon-Chabrot, Cecile IR - Molucon-Chabrot C FIR - Tattevin, Pierre IR - Tattevin P FIR - Melica, Giovanna IR - Melica G FIR - Badiu, Carmen-Ionela IR - Badiu CI FIR - Cheraud-Bonfort, Chrystel IR - Cheraud-Bonfort C FIR - Salmon, Anne IR - Salmon A FIR - Alstadhaug, Karl Bjornar IR - Alstadhaug KB FIR - Kuhlmann, F Matthew IR - Kuhlmann FM FIR - Gorza, Lucas IR - Gorza L FIR - Wang, Adrien IR - Wang A FIR - Wille, Heidi IR - Wille H FIR - Curlier, Elodie IR - Curlier E FIR - Hessamfar, Mojgan IR - Hessamfar M FIR - Valour, Florent IR - Valour F FIR - Perpoint, Thomas IR - Perpoint T FIR - Koralnik, Igor J IR - Koralnik IJ FIR - Decaestecker, Kevin IR - Decaestecker K FIR - Vindrios, William IR - Vindrios W FIR - Guilbert, Anne IR - Guilbert A FIR - Boulesteix, Jean Marc IR - Boulesteix JM FIR - Verdiere, Sylvie Colin De IR - Verdiere SC FIR - Roux, Antoine IR - Roux A FIR - Patel, Amila IR - Patel A FIR - Fabian, Michelle IR - Fabian M FIR - Harel, Asaff IR - Harel A FIR - Wyplosz, Benjamin IR - Wyplosz B FIR - Ader, Florence IR - Ader F EDAT- 2022/01/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/06 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/24 08:59 PHST- 2021/12/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/11/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/24 08:59 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ana.26307 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Neurol. 2022 Apr;91(4):496-505. doi: 10.1002/ana.26307. Epub 2022 Feb 18.