PMID- 35081487
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220222
LR  - 20220222
IS  - 1873-4235 (Electronic)
IS  - 0956-5663 (Linking)
VI  - 202
DP  - 2022 Apr 15
TI  - Novel PMMA based 96-well microelectrode arrays for bioelectronic high throughput 
      monitoring of cells in a live mode.
PG  - 114012
LID - S0956-5663(22)00052-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114012 [doi]
AB  - Microelectrode arrays (MEA) are widely used for bioelectronic monitoring of 
      alterations in cells and tissues. MEAs are based on a substrate that is 
      structured with electrodes and conducting paths. While cheap substrates like 
      printed circuit board materials offers easy production and flexible contacting, 
      there are limitations regarding microstructure resolution, optical transparency 
      and biocompatibility. In contrast, glass substrates are favored due to its 
      biocompatibility, chemical resistance and optical transparency. Drawbacks are 
      high substrate costs and limited flexibility for routing of conducting paths. To 
      overcome these limitations, we wanted to use optical transparent polymer-based 
      substrates. Therefore, we identified the polymer poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) 
      as a promising substrate material, due to its good optical and mechanical 
      properties as well as biocompatibility. To achieve sufficient chemical resistance 
      for high resolution photolithographic structuring a novel process had to be 
      developed involving a protection coating. After optimization of the structuring 
      process, we achieved a comparable resolution and thus, microelectrodes with 
      diameter of less than 100 mum. Moreover, the use of PMMA allowed the simple 
      integration of more than 400 vias directly into the substrate for contacting of 
      the microelectrode array from the bottom without the need of complex and error 
      prone redirecting adapters with hundreds of additional bonding sides. In order to 
      show that the PMMA based MEA is comparable to glass based MEA in terms of signal 
      quality and sensitivity as well as optical and surface properties, we cultivated 
      different cell models on the MEAs and validated our 96-well PMMA MEAs by 
      different bioelectronic monitoring techniques.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Schmidt, Sabine
AU  - Schmidt S
AD  - Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-biochemical 
      Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, 
      Germany.
FAU - Frank, Ronny
AU  - Frank R
AD  - Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-biochemical 
      Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, 
      Germany.
FAU - Krinke, Dana
AU  - Krinke D
AD  - Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-biochemical 
      Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, 
      Germany.
FAU - Jahnke, Heinz-Georg
AU  - Jahnke HG
AD  - Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-biochemical 
      Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, 
      Germany. Electronic address: heinz-georg.jahnke@bbz.uni-leipzig.de.
FAU - Robitzki, Andrea A
AU  - Robitzki AA
AD  - Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-biochemical 
      Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220119
PL  - England
TA  - Biosens Bioelectron
JT  - Biosensors & bioelectronics
JID - 9001289
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 9011-14-7 (Polymethyl Methacrylate)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Biosensing Techniques
MH  - Microelectrodes
MH  - *Polymers/chemistry
MH  - Polymethyl Methacrylate
MH  - Surface Properties
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cell-based impedance spectroscopy
OT  - Photolithographic structuring
OT  - Polymethylmethacrylate chip substrate
OT  - Reactive sputtering
OT  - Transparent 96-well microelectrode arrays
EDAT- 2022/01/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/23 06:00
CRDT- 2022/01/26 20:07
PHST- 2021/10/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/26 20:07 [entrez]
AID - S0956-5663(22)00052-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Apr 15;202:114012. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114012. 
      Epub 2022 Jan 19.