PMID- 35097004
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220201
IS  - 2297-055X (Print)
IS  - 2297-055X (Electronic)
IS  - 2297-055X (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2021
TI  - Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic 
      Syndrome-Associated Risk.
PG  - 785124
LID - 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785124 [doi]
LID - 785124
AB  - Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the 
      clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal 
      obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular 
      diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not 
      total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology 
      seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single 
      syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic 
      and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain 
      well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need 
      to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding 
      of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. 
      To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations 
      between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides -the 
      most widely studied sphingolipid class- have been shown to play a causative role 
      in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids 
      remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS 
      heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling 
      can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Berkowitz, Cabrera-Reyes, Salazar, Ryff, Coe and Rigotti.
FAU - Berkowitz, Loni
AU  - Berkowitz L
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition 
      and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de 
      Chile, Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Cabrera-Reyes, Fernanda
AU  - Cabrera-Reyes F
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad 
      Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Salazar, Cristian
AU  - Salazar C
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition 
      and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de 
      Chile, Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Ryff, Carol D
AU  - Ryff CD
AD  - Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
FAU - Coe, Christopher
AU  - Coe C
AD  - Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
FAU - Rigotti, Attilio
AU  - Rigotti A
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition 
      and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de 
      Chile, Santiago, Chile.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220114
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cardiovasc Med
JT  - Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
JID - 101653388
PMC - PMC8795367
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cardiovascular risk (CVD)
OT  - ceramides
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - sphingolipids
OT  - type 2 diabetes
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/01 06:01
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2022/01/31 06:00
PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/01/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785124 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jan 14;8:785124. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785124. 
      eCollection 2021.