PMID- 35123127
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220926
LR  - 20221007
IS  - 2212-2672 (Print)
IS  - 2212-2672 (Linking)
VI  - 122
IP  - 10
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Adverse Effects Associated with Multiple Categories of Dietary Supplements: The 
      Military Dietary Supplement Use Study.
PG  - 1851-1863
LID - S2212-2672(22)00044-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.014 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: About 50% of Americans and 70% of US military service members (SMs) 
      regularly use dietary supplements (DSs) and some are associated with adverse 
      effects (AEs). SMs are more likely to use unsafe DSs than civilians. OBJECTIVE: 
      The aim of this investigation was to examine the prevalence of, and factors 
      associated with, AEs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: A stratified random 
      sample of 200,000 US SMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy were 
      obtained from military workforce records. Eighteen percent (n = 26,681) of 
      successfully contacted SMs (n = 146,365) volunteered to participate between 
      December 2018 and August 2019. Participants completed a detailed online 
      questionnaire on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and AEs 
      associated with DS use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of, and factors 
      associated with, AEs among DS users. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Prevalence of AEs was 
      calculated by DS categories. Linear trends, chi(2) statistics, and multivariable 
      logistic regression examined associations between AEs and demographic 
      characteristics, lifestyle factors, and number DSs consumed. RESULTS: Proportion 
      of DS users (>/= 1 time /week) reporting >/=1 AE was 18% overall, 20% for combination 
      products (ie, weight loss, muscle building, and before/after workout 
      supplements), 8% for purported prohormones, 6% for protein/amino acid products, 
      6% for multivitamin/multiminerals, 6% for individual vitamins/minerals, 4% for 
      herbal products, and 2% for joint health products. Combination products are very 
      popular in military personnel with nearly half of SMs regularly taking them. In 
      multivariable analysis, reporting AEs were independently associated with female 
      gender, younger age, higher body mass index, smoking, higher alcohol intake, 
      service in the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps (compared with Air Force), and 
      consumption of a greater number of DSs. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of SMs 
      report experiencing AEs, especially users of combination products and purported 
      prohormone supplements. This study presents contemporary data collected from a 
      very large at-risk population on potentially hazardous categories of DSs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Knapik, Joseph J
AU  - Knapik JJ
AD  - Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental 
      Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts. Electronic address: 
      joseph.j.knapik.civ@mail.mil.
FAU - Trone, Daniel W
AU  - Trone DW
AD  - Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California.
FAU - Steelman, Ryan A
AU  - Steelman RA
AD  - US Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.
FAU - Farina, Emily K
AU  - Farina EK
AD  - Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental 
      Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts.
FAU - Lieberman, Harris R
AU  - Lieberman HR
AD  - Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental 
      Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20220202
PL  - United States
TA  - J Acad Nutr Diet
JT  - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
JID - 101573920
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Minerals)
RN  - 0 (Vitamins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acids
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Dietary Supplements/adverse effects
MH  - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Military Personnel
MH  - Minerals/adverse effects
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Vitamins/adverse effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Combination products
OT  - Mineral
OT  - Multivitamin/multimineral
OT  - Prohormone
OT  - Vitamin
EDAT- 2022/02/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00
CRDT- 2022/02/05 20:13
PHST- 2021/10/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/05 20:13 [entrez]
AID - S2212-2672(22)00044-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Oct;122(10):1851-1863. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.014. 
      Epub 2022 Feb 2.