PMID- 35124400
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220412
LR  - 20220523
IS  - 1873-7862 (Electronic)
IS  - 0924-977X (Linking)
VI  - 57
DP  - 2022 Apr
TI  - Remembering Molly: Immediate and delayed false memory formation after acute MDMA 
      exposure.
PG  - 59-68
LID - S0924-977X(22)00013-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.005 [doi]
AB  - The entactogen 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is increasingly being 
      recognized for its therapeutic potential but is also widespread in nightlife 
      settings where it may co-occur with crime. Since previous research detected 
      impaired verbal memory during acute MDMA intoxication, understanding the drug's 
      ramifications in an applied legal context becomes crucial. We conducted a 
      double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine acute and delayed effects of 
      MDMA (75 mg) on false memory in 60 healthy volunteers with a history of MDMA use, 
      using three well-established false memory methods: a basic, associative word list 
      (Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM)) paradigm and two applied misinformation tasks 
      using a virtual reality crime. Memory was tested immediately (encoding and 
      retrieval under drug influence) and 1 week later (retrieval when sober). Small 
      MDMA-induced impairments of true memory in the word list task were detected at 
      both time points. MDMA increased false memory for related but non-critical lures 
      during the immediate test, and decreased false memory for critical lures after a 
      delay. Episodic memory assessed in the misinformation tasks was not consistently 
      affected. Findings indicate a complex 
      memory profile but no heightened vulnerability to external suggestion in response to 
      MDMA intoxication. Recommendations for future applied legal psychological 
      research include adding measures of recall on top of recognition, using study 
      designs that separate the different memory phases, and potentially testing higher 
      doses. Further research on false memories and suggestibility using imagination 
      procedures can also be relevant for the clinical context.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Kloft, Lilian
AU  - Kloft L
AD  - Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands. 
      Electronic address: l.kloft@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
FAU - Otgaar, Henry
AU  - Otgaar H
AD  - Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; 
      Faculty of Law, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
FAU - Blokland, Arjan
AU  - Blokland A
AD  - Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
FAU - Toennes, Stefan W
AU  - Toennes SW
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Goethe University 
      of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
FAU - Ramaekers, Johannes G
AU  - Ramaekers JG
AD  - Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands. 
      Electronic address: j.ramaekers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20220203
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur Neuropsychopharmacol
JT  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of 
      Neuropsychopharmacology
JID - 9111390
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Imagination
MH  - Memory Disorders
MH  - *Memory, Episodic
MH  - Mental Recall/physiology
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/toxicity
MH  - *Poecilia
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine
OT  - DRM
OT  - False memory
OT  - Misinformation
COIS- Author disclosure The authors declare no conflict of interest with respect to 
      this research.
EDAT- 2022/02/07 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/13 06:00
CRDT- 2022/02/06 20:34
PHST- 2020/09/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/06 20:34 [entrez]
AID - S0924-977X(22)00013-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Apr;57:59-68. doi: 
      10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.005. Epub 2022 Feb 3.