PMID- 35126196
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231102
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens 
      of Its Provision.
PG  - 774736
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.774736 [doi]
LID - 774736
AB  - Psychedelic medicine is an emerging field that examines entheogens, psychoactive 
      substances that produce non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC). 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is currently in phase-3 FDA clinical 
      trials in the United States (US) and Canada to treat the symptoms of 
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDMA is used in conjunction with manualized 
      therapy, because of its effectiveness in reducing fear-driven stimuli that 
      contribute to trauma and anxiety symptoms. In 2017, the FDA designated MDMA as a 
      "breakthrough therapy," signaling that it has advantages in safety, efficacy, and 
      compliance over available medication for the treatment of trauma-, stress-, and 
      anxiety-related disorders such as PTSD. In the US and Canada, historical and 
      contemporary racial mistreatment is frequently experienced by Black people via a 
      variety of macro and micro insults. Such experiences trigger physiological 
      responses of anxiety and fear, which are associated with chronically elevated 
      stress hormone levels (e.g., cortisol and epinephrine), similar to levels 
      documented among those diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. This paper will 
      explore the benefits of entheogens within psychedelic assisted-therapy and their 
      potential benefits in addressing the sequelae of pervasive and frequent negative 
      race-based experiences and promoting healing and thriving among Black, Indigenous 
      and other People of Color (BIPOC). The author(s) discuss the ethical 
      responsibility for providing psychedelic-assisted therapy within a culturally 
      competent provider framework and the importance of psychedelic researchers to 
      recruit and retain BIPOC populations in research and clinical training.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Smith, Faber, Buchanan, Foster and Green.
FAU - Smith, Darron T
AU  - Smith DT
AD  - Department of Sociology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States.
FAU - Faber, Sonya C
AU  - Faber SC
AD  - Bioville GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.
FAU - Buchanan, NiCole T
AU  - Buchanan NT
AD  - Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United 
      States.
FAU - Foster, Dale
AU  - Foster D
AD  - Neuro-Source, Memphis, TN, United States.
FAU - Green, Lilith
AU  - Green L
AD  - Department of Sociology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220120
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC8811257
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - African Americans
OT  - Black Americans
OT  - Black Canadian
OT  - psychedelic research
OT  - psychedelic-assisted therapy
OT  - race-based harassment and discrimination
OT  - racial trauma
COIS- SF was employed by the company Bioville GmbH. The remaining authors declare that 
      the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial 
      relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/08 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/20
CRDT- 2022/02/07 05:29
PHST- 2021/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/07 05:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.774736 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 20;12:774736. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.774736. 
      eCollection 2021.