PMID- 35128181
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220501
IS  - 2452-2325 (Print)
IS  - 2452-2325 (Electronic)
IS  - 2452-2325 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Oct-Dec
TI  - Recurrent Pterygium: A Review.
PG  - 367-378
LID - 10.4103/joco.joco_153_20 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To summarize the recent evidence regarding different aspects of 
      pterygium recurrence. METHODS: Human-based studies from PubMed, Scopus, and 
      Google Scholar were identified using the following keywords: conjunctival 
      disease, pterygium, recurrent pterygium, pterygium recurrence, pterygium 
      management/surgery, conjunctival autograft (CAU), amniotic membrane 
      graft/transplant, and adjuvant therapy (January 2009 to February 2021). We 
      reviewed risk factors associated with the recurrence of pterygium, timing of 
      recurrence, medical treatments to prevent from recurrence, and nonsurgical and 
      surgical alternatives for management of recurrence. RESULTS: Dry eye disease, 
      black race, and young age are considered definite risk factors for recurrence. 
      However, fleshy appearance of the pterygium and preoperative size remain 
      controversial. Surgical techniques such as excessive suturing, insufficient 
      conjunctival graft size, thick conjunctival graft with remained Tenon tissue, and 
      postoperative graft retraction are considered possible risk factors for 
      recurrence. Using fibrin glue instead of sutures can further reduce recurrence 
      rates. Although recurrence could occur even after many years, most recurrences 
      happen in the first 3-6 months after surgery. Multiple kinds of adjuvant 
      medications are used before, during, or after the operation including mitomycin C 
      (MMC), 5- fl uorouracil (5-FU), corticosteroids, and anti-vascular endothelial 
      growth factors (anti-VEGFs). Multiple weekly subconjunctival 5-FU injections are 
      shown to be safe and effective in halting the progression of recurrent pterygium. 
      Although topical bevacizumab is found to inhibit the growth of impending 
      recurrent pterygium, the effect is mostly temporary. CAU is superior to amniotic 
      membrane transplantation in the treatment for recurrent pterygia. CONCLUSIONS: 
      There is yet to be a panacea in treating recurrent pterygium. Currently, there is 
      not a globally accepted recommendation for treating recurrent pterygium with 
      anti-VEGFs or 5-FU as a nonsurgical treatment. We strongly recommend using MMC as 
      an adjunct to surgery in recurrent cases, with consideration of its specific 
      complications. CAU is the most effective surgical treatment for recurrent 
      pterygium, and other new surgical therapies need further investigation.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2022 Journal of Current Ophthalmology.
FAU - Ghiasian, Leila
AU  - Ghiasian L
AD  - Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Samavat, Bijan
AU  - Samavat B
AD  - Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AD  - Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Hadi, Yasaman
AU  - Hadi Y
AD  - Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Arbab, Mona
AU  - Arbab M
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University, Indiana, USA.
FAU - Abolfathzadeh, Navid
AU  - Abolfathzadeh N
AD  - Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AD  - Alavi Eye Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tabriz, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220106
PL  - India
TA  - J Curr Ophthalmol
JT  - Journal of current ophthalmology
JID - 101678509
PMC - PMC8772501
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adjuvant therapy
OT  - Amniotic membrane graft/transplant
OT  - Conjunctival autograft
OT  - Conjunctival disease
OT  - Pterygium
OT  - Pterygium management
OT  - Pterygium recurrence
OT  - Recurrent pterygium
OT  - Risk factor
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/08 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/06
CRDT- 2022/02/07 05:36
PHST- 2020/10/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/07 05:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JCO-33-367 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/joco.joco_153_20 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Curr Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan 6;33(4):367-378. doi: 10.4103/joco.joco_153_20. 
      eCollection 2021 Oct-Dec.